MAESTRÍA EN GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS PREVENCIÓN DE RIESGOS LABORALES
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Programa de control de riesgo mecánico en el personal de recolección de basura, en el cantón Pedro Moncayo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-05) Iguago Tipán, Karla LizethThis work establishes the design of a mechanical risk control program in garbage collection personnel in the Canton of Pedro Moncayo, Pichincha province, to improve safety conditions through risk identification. The methodology used for this research has been defined as multicriteria as it includes the development of surveys that have allowed to analyze the safety in the workplace as well as the observational part which allowed to observe the worker in his job where the activities he carries out within the institution directly as well as the description of the important characteristics have been used. For the identification of hazards in the workplace, the method of general risk assessment was used, according to the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene of Labour, Spain (INSHT), in which it was determined that the mechanical factor is one of the dangers that comes out in the garbage collection personnel of the Municipal GAD of the Canton Pedro Moncayo William Fine's method in which it was based on the calculation of the degree of hazard was used for the mechanical risk assessment and it was determined that on average 26% of the risk factors to which the workers are exposed is high, 55% is average and 19% is low, which was at a percentage of 26% , it is important to consider preventive measures, through a control programme, to prevent workplace accidents. For this reason, a mechanical risk training program was developed to strengthen job security, counteract vulnerability and therefore the social and economic impact that is generated in the Municipal GAD of the Canton Pedro Moncayo.Item Open Access Diseño de integración del sistema de gestión en control y seguridad con la norma ISO 45001:2018 en la empresa privada agentes de seguridad y vigilancia AGENTESEG CIA. LTDA. de la ciudad de Ibarra(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-04) Muñoz Checa, Marcelo DavidThis research used ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 45001:2018 which is based on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems, and the BASC (Business Alliance for Secure Commerce) Control and Security Management standard version 5 of 2017, in which its structure was analyzed and studied, and the methodology used by the two standards , because both standards use the same PHVA cycle (plan, do, verify and act) and carry require improvement management, to subsequently identify the points in which they relate, at the same time specify the different sections that the rules have, in order to establish the design of the integration system of the two standards for the benefit of the private company SECURITY AGENTS AND VIGILANCIA AGENTS Cía. Ltda. , of the city of Ibarra that is dedicated to providing the security and physical surveillance service, for which the methodology of the research of a descriptive type was used, in addition instruments were used such as: list of pacifiers, comparative tables and bibliographic research, in order to achieve the objectives set out, through these an integrated manual was established, which achieved the correlation between the regulations and requirements that have the two management systems , at the same time, it can help the company AGENTESEG Cía. Ltda., access market offers that require such standards, while helping you in the future in accessing international certification if required.Item Open Access Evaluación de riesgos biológicos en la escuela José Acosta Vallejo mediante el método biogaval y propuesta de una guía de prevención en el contexto del COVID-19(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-08) Pichogagón Arias, Jhonatan JoséThe objective of this research is - To prepare the biological risk prevention guide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by applying the BIOGAVAL method at the “José Acosta Vallejo” School to protect the health of teaching, administrative and student staff. This school is located in the province of Pichincha, Cayambe canton, Cangahua parish, has 29 teachers, 5 administrators and 650 students enrolled in the 2020-2021 school period. The research was documentary and descriptive transversal, it was based on bibliographic references of theses, scientific articles, legal technical regulatory framework related to biological risks, with which the state of the art was described; The BIOGAVAL biological risk assessment methodology was used; The biological risk was evaluated in characteristics, profiles of the polluting agents and the positions of the people investigated. As results of the biological risk assessment, it was obtained that the positions that require Biological Action Level (NAB)> = 8 <12 were: the position of Janitor with the cleaning activity of the multiple spaces of the Institution. Courtyards, gardens and baths (NAB = 10 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus). With a NAB = 9, he was found in the positions (director, deputy director, inspector, social work, janitor, guard, teacher, members and students) the same way with the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus. With a NAB = 8 he found the influenza virus in all positions and the same a NAB = 8 with the Myxovirus influenzae virus for the position of the inspector in the activity Control of academic activities in classrooms. Preventive measures were proposed through comprehensive operational control, health and occupational environmental surveillance programs, as well as the proposal of a guide to prevent biological risk. Concluding that the biological risk assessment at the “José Acosta Vallejo” School using the BIOGAVAL method and the establishment of a prevention guide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic helps to protect the health of teaching, administrative and student staff when it is socialized applied.Item Open Access Diseño de un programa de medidas preventivas de bloqueo y etiquetado para equipos de instalaciones eléctricas de baja tensión de la empresa Integración Avícola Oro S.A.(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-05) Achig Morales, Geovanny FranciscoThe present work was carried out with the aim of designing a program of preventive blocking and labelling measures for low voltage electrical energy equipment and installations of the Company "Integración Avícola Oro S.A.", in order to prevent injuries which can cause injuries to the worker mainly in those who carry out their activities around machinery, equipment or provide electrical maintenance service. The research identified the equipment, power points and electrical hazards in the company's low-voltage facilities, and analysed the purpose of the applicability of a safety blocking and labelling program on low-voltage electrical equipment and installations, and was based on international standards and norms such as: the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the control of hazardous energies and the establishment of electrical risk blocking and labelling programmes on electrical hazards , the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on hazardous energy safety issues with blocking, labeling and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the applicability of the occupational safety and health management system; and national regulations such as: safety regulations, codes and resolutions. In the development of the work, structured observation techniques were applied for the identification of machinery, equipment and power points that the company has, for which the instrument referred to as checklists was used, in addition to the establishment of an interview with the verbal and written consent of the farm supervisors in charge of the electrical maintenance area. The study supports the prevention of occupational accidents in the electricity sector related to handling, maintenance and services to low voltage electrical equipment and installations, through the correct applicability of safety blocking and labelling programmes.Item Open Access Prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste ocupacional en los estudiantes de posgrado de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador que tienen sus rotaciones en casas de salud de la ciudad de Quito entre noviembre 2020 - enero 2021(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-06) Mayorga Jaramillo, Marcela EstefaníaThe presence of burnout syndrome has been studied in different labor fields, however, healthcare professions due to the job characteristics they perform are more susceptible to presenting this condition, which is why the objective of the following research was to analyze the prevalence of burnout syndrome in postgraduate medical students of the PUCE who have their rotations in the healthcare establishments of Quito city between November 2020 and January 2020. For this purpose, a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample of 153 respondents, to whom 3 instruments were applied, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, FPSICO 4.0 and the OIT-OMS Work Stress Questionnaire, some questions were added with sociodemographic variables and individual psychosocial interest factors. The data was processed in the SPSS19 program and in the FPSICO 4.0 program. Among the main results, the burnout has a 18% of prevalence, 50% of the medical residents had high levels of emotional exhaustion, 56% high levels of depersonalization and 31% low levels of personal accomplishment, it was found more frequently in men , single, self-financed, with age ranges among 30 to 40 years, without children, with a workload of more than 50 hours per week, belonging to internal medicine specialty , in stress levels of the ILO-WHO questionnaire and in very high levels in 8 of 9 psychosocial risk factors of the FPSICO 4.0 instrument.Item Open Access Plan para el uso de equipo de protección personal (EPP), de riesgos mecánicos y ergonómicos para las empresas del sector de la construcción de la ciudad de Quito(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-05) Romero Garzón, David AmílcarOccupational safety is very important because they are the elements that protect both the worker and the company from the possible risks to which they may be exposed during the working day, especially in the construction sector, which is one of the activities that they are more prone to having work accidents. For this reason, in this work we want to analyze everything related to the prevention of occupational risks, as well as make a proposal on a Plan for the Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), mechanical and ergonomic risks for companies in the sector of the construction of the city of Quito. For this, a descriptive quantitative documentary investigation was carried out where the data collection technique was applied where statistical tables were filled in that were later processed, concluding that the construction sector is very risky and that all the pertinent measures are taken applying the regulations that in labor and security matters exist.Item Open Access Análisis de prevención de los factores de riesgo en el personal de la matriz de la Empresa Nacional Minera(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2020-09) Quitama Quilumba, Franklin ArnulfoThis research work was developed through the analysis of the matrix NTP 330 (Simplified system for the evaluation of accident risks), to identify the risk factors with the highest and lowest incidence to which workers are exposed in the different areas of work in the National Mining Company ENAMI EP in 2020, through this alternative it is sought to have an adequate intervention for the prevention, mitigation and elimination of risks. It was possible to identify that the risk factors with the highest incidence in the General Management Unit (General Manager) and Management Planning (Coordinator) with the following risk factors: the psychosocial risk factor with a risk level of 1290 and a level of intervention I, the ergonomic risk factor has a risk level of 810 and intervention level II and the mechanical risk factor with a risk level 320 and intervention level II, the risk factors with less than incidence that are: biological, physical and chemical risk factor that have an intervention level III and IV, where intervention level I indicates that due to its critical situation an urgent correction must be made, level II correct and adopt control measures , level III improve if possible, it would be convenient to justify the intervention and its profitability or level IV not to intervene, unless a more precise analysis justifies it. Finally, control measures were proposed in the organization to reduce or eliminate most of the risks found, providing a valuable contribution to safeguard the integrity of the workers in terms of safety and health at work.Item Open Access Programa de control de riesgo ergonómico en los trabajadores del sector ferretero de la ciudad de Cotacachi(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-05) Albuja Echeverría, Paola AlexandraWhen carrying out the program of control of ergonomic risks in forced postures for the hardware sector in the city of Cotacachi, it was done with the purpose of improving the occupational health of workers to avoid in this way the musculoskeletal disorders that workers may suffer. due to the bad posture he has when carrying out daily activities. To develop this program, it was done through a quantitative investigation because it was identified, evaluated and diagnosed the ergonomic risks in forced postures that the employees of the hardware stores have, using the method of direct observation, this study was carried out on 20 workers in 6 hardware stores in the city of Cotacachi, the research instruments used were video and photographs, which helped us to apply the assessment methods required in this research, which are: the REBA Rapid Entire Body Assessment, methods. OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Action) Check List (upper body members) and the NIOSH method (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), to later with the results obtained to be able to carry out the proposal of the risk control program in forced postures that helps to improve the labor welfare of workers.Item Open Access Diseño de un programa de control de riesgos causados por niveles de iluminación inadecuados en el personal de recaudación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-07) Mejía Jaramillo, Priscila GorettyThe present degree work is reduced in order to carry out the design of the risk control program caused by inadequate lighting levels in the totality of collection staff of the agencies of EMELNORTE. The fundamental relationship between adequate lighting, human beings and their work environment is described, which allows them to carry out their activities, react to risks and interact directly with people at work. According to the nature of the information collected, the research is of a quantitative, non-experimental type and addressed an investigation of explanatory scope. The sample is required based on the evaluation of jobs but not of personnel using the formula of minimum numbers of measurement NMPM, according to the local index. The investigation identified the sources of the lighting risk, measured the average value of the illuminance, which were obtained determined in the lumens method. Likewise, verify the hygienic report based on the technical prevention notes NTP 863. For the evaluation of the lighting risk, the data was analyzed by comparing the levels of control and those established in Decree 2393 of the Health and Safety Regulations of Workers and Improvement of the Work Environment determine compliance with the minimum legal parameters allowed in Ecuador. Based on the established results, preventive measures were established for the control program based on the hierarchy of controls for lighting risk factors in accordance with the ISO-45001 2018 standard for the jobs that present the highest risk in the area of collectionItem Open Access Sistema de gestión de riesgos laborales con base en la norma ISO 45001 en la Empresa Nacional Minera (Sede matriz Quito)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2020-10) Rivera Chamorro, Pablo AndrésThe purpose of this work is the design of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System based on the ISO 45001: 2018 Standard for the National Mining Company ENAMI EP, where the organization has a percentage of 53% of compliance with the requirements of the standard, through the evaluation of the SGSST; the proposal is presented for the prevention of occupational risks, the reduction of incidents, accidents and occupational diseases, through the mitigation of risks and dangers; It should also be mentioned that a culture of occupational risk prevention is fostered to ensure that workers feel safe when carrying out their activities. In the development of the research work, information was collected from the organization and its review; where it is verified that the organization must work on the points that are in a lower percentage, such as: "support" that has 20% of the implementation, as well as the "performance evaluation" with 0%, for On the other hand, the main needs of the organization in terms of compliance with the requirements of ISO 45001: 2018 are: Understanding of the organization and its context, Understanding the needs and expectations of workers and other interested parties, Actions to address risks and opportunities, Competition, Awareness, Information and communication, Documented information, Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation, Internal audit, Management review, Incidents, non-conformities and corrective actions. For this research work, the descriptive research methodology was used to characterize the design of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System, in order to align with the requirements of the ISO 45001: 2018 Standard.Item Open Access Programa de medidas preventivas para riesgos químicos en la empresa Flores de Tumbabiro del cantón Urcuquí - Imbabura(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-05) Pineda Espinosa, Diana ValeriaThe present investigation was developed with the objective of developing a program of preventive measures for the management of chemical risks in the fumigation personnel of the Flores de Tumbabiro company in the Urcuquí canton, in order to reduce the harmful effects on the health of Workers. In order to fulfill the objectives set out in the research, the structured observation technique was applied to identify the pesticides used in the fumigation process, the frequency and quantity that are handled, the type of process to which the worker is exposed and the type of collective protection information that the process has, information with which a bibliographic review of the safety sheets with the H and R phrases of the chemical products, their volatility and the permissible limit value was carried out, which allowed the calculation of the chemical risk by means of the Simplified method for risk assessment by inhalation (adaptation of the INSHT to the INRS method), from which preventive measures can be determined using the hierarchy of risk controls based on the ISO 45001: 2018 Standard. To determine the sample, of the 50 pesticides that are used in the fumigation stage in flower production, it was excluded by the World Health Organization toxicity classification and the classification according to acute inhalation toxicity (median lethal concentration LC50) of which 6 pesticides were obtained, which applied the formula, it was determined that five pesticides have a probably very high inhalation risk score and a moderate risk pesticide, through which the collective and individual preventive measures necessary to mitigate the risk can be established.Item Open Access Gestión técnica de los riesgos psicosociales en la compañía Rutas Anteñas S.A. del cantón Antonio Ante(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-08) Maldonado Zambrano, Cinthia PaolaThis research project was performed at the Rutas Anteñas Company S.A. of the Antonio Ante canton, which is dedicated to providing the service of light duty truck´s transportation within the city and nationally; having this type of work activities, the workers are exposed to different psychosocial risks, which can cause health damage, for this reason the objective of this research is to perform the technical management of psychosocial risk factors that affect stockholders and external staff(familiar drivers), in order to improve the quality of work life and maintain a good health. For this research was based on the deductive method, that identified factors and risks , through a preview interview with the company's stockholders, then to develop the measurement and evaluation of these risk factors through of the psychosocial evaluation in working spaces established by the Ministry of Labour, in order to analyze the reality of high risks , medium and low, In addition, to evaluate the quality of life self-perceived of stockholders was used the SF-36 questionnaire, with the purpose of analyzing the health status of self-perceived physical, mental and social. The result of the psychosocial evaluation was high risk: self-perceived health with 7%, work load and rhythm with 4%, workplace harassment with 4% and sexual harassment with 4%. The evaluations carried out with two questionnaires determined that dimension with the most risk is: the health of stockholders, as well as familiar drivers; and this analysis was designed a proposal for comprehensive operational control acting at different stages of planning or design, source, transmission medium and receiver, as well as it designed occupational and health environmental monitoring programs and this complemented through regular evaluations.Item Open Access Análisis de los resultados de los estudios sobre riesgos ergonómicos realizados en el Ecuador en el área productiva del sector florícola, en el periodo de 2014 al 2020(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-04) Ayala Flores, Gladys PamelaIn this work, the investigations carried out in the floricultural sector of ergonomic risks from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed to know the main factors responsible for the development of occupational diseases. For the execution, 37 studies were analyzed in which it was identified that postharvest is the most studied area with 40.54%, followed by 21.62% of pathologies of medical origin in general, then, the cultivation area with 10.81% and in the remaining 27.03% of studies the authors analyzed several areas together. It was determined that the postharvest jobs most affected are: classification, packing and packing; in the other areas, the cultivation, fumigation, maintenance and administration personnel such as headquarters, assistants, warehouse and cargo transporter. It was identified that the most frequent ergonomic risks are: with 53% of static postures and 34% of dynamic postures, on the other hand, the main causes of the generation of occupational diseases were identified with the Ishikawa diagram, these are: the lack of health surveillance, job rotation, recovery periods, training; inadequate maintenance of work tools, low level of schooling of workers, age of workers affects the development of diseases, inappropriate design of workstations. Finally, the main specific risk factors that correspond to 20% of the causes of development of occupational diseases were determined by means of the Pareto diagram, these are: the adoption of forced postures, repetitive movements and manual handling of loads, these generate 80 % of health problems in workers. With these results, general recommendations were generated to the sector, taking into account the current health emergency situation due to COVID 2019.Item Open Access Análisis de los trastornos músculo esqueléticos presentes en docentes en el Ecuador desde el año 2015 al 2020(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-05) Mera Chamorro, Carlos EduardoMusculoskeletal disorders experience a very common problem among teachers, the main reason is computer tasks, being in forced positions for long periods of time (standing and sitting), especially the lack of training and education, causing in the workers impact on their quality of life, absenteeism, decreased productivity and increased economic costs of health care. The present study was carried out taking as a reference studies carried out on the affections presented by teachers in the diversity of educational units in Ecuador, the result generated by the research occurred to us to give a clearer focus on the conditions in which the auxiliaries carried out their activities In the same way, we must modify the organization at work, which is why it gave us a high level of risk and the recommendations are based on prevention guidelines, to reduce the musculoskeletal discomfort that can occur during your workday.Item Open Access Evaluación de riesgos psicosociales basado en las metodologías FPSICO 4.0 en el cuestionario de evaluación de riesgos psicosociales del ministerio de trabajo. Caso aplicado al personal médico que labora en el Hospital Genera Ibarra del IESS(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-08) Flores Morales, Marlon Danilo; Rosero Bucheli, María MónicaThe objective of this research is to "Establish measures for the prevention of psychosocial risks in medical personnel working at the Ibarra General Hospital of the IESS to prevent occupational accidents and / or occupational diseases." To achieve this objective apply the methods; exploratory (bibliographic searches), descriptive (identification of jobs, identification of dangers and psychosocial risk factors due to the activities they carry out) and comparative method (compares the results of the FPSICO 4.0 questionnaire instruments and the Ministry of Labor - Ecuador). The population studied was 100% of doctors from the Ibarra General Hospital of the IESS, which is 173 doctors distributed in the area of surgery 25, internal medicine 38, gynecology 13, pediatrics 12 and resident doctors are 85. The three most critical risk levels for each instrument used identified when evaluating were; Very high risk level in the FPSICO 4.0 instrument: PS-Participation / Supervision (53.7%), PD-Psychological Demands (49.7%), CT-Workload (36.4%) and the level of risk High in the MDT-Ecuador instrument were workplace harassment (19%), work conditions (17%), double presence 10%). The areas evaluated were with very high risk in relation to PS-Participation / supervision (surgery 80%, internal medicine 76.3%, pediatrics 58.3%, resident doctors 41.2%, Gynecology 15.4%), As prevention measures, it is established through integral operational control for very high psychosocial risk levels and high risk, considered as control criteria in planning / design, source, medium and receiver. As well as the workplace environmental surveillance programs, the health surveillance program and periodic evaluation are established. The research concludes that the establishment and application of psychosocial risk prevention measures in medical personnel working at the Ibarra General Hospital of the IESS will help prevent occupational accidents and / or occupational diseases.Item Open Access Análisis de carga mental como factor de riesgo psicosocial en el personal administrativo de los GADS parroquiales del Carchi(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-07) Ponce Chávez, Darío FranciscoThe present degree work was carried out in the Parish GADs of the province of Carchi with the aim of analyzing the mental load as a factor of psychosocial risk in administrative staff, by applying previously validated questionnaires of scale to determine the relationship between mental workload and professional exhaustion, because officials must process a high amount of information during their working day that demands mental skills such as memory, concentration, attention, decision-making among others; for which a psychosocial risk factor assessment was made to the administrative staff of the Carchi Parish GADs among presidents, members and treasure secretaries giving a universe population of 156 public officials so the probabilistic procedure of random sampling was obtained a representative sample of 50 public servants who were evaluated. The instruments used were fpsico 4.0 psychosocial factor questionnaire, with the incorporation of sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, level of study, job, seniority in the position, marital status; Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a questionnaire developed by the Javeriana University of Colombia, for stress assessment third version in Annex 1. The results show that a % of staff have high psychosocial risk due to the mental load on their work, given by the following dimensions: time pressures, attention effort, quantity and difficulty of the task. Finally, it was determined that there is a significant correlation between the psychosocial risk factor of mental load with the exhaustion profession of the administrative staff of the parish GADs of the Carchi.Item Open Access Gestión técnica de riesgos mecánicos en el área de producción de la empresa Distribuciones El Payasito CIA. LTDA.(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra, 2021-08) Trujillo Montenegro, Byron SebastiánOccupational risks are present in every job in every type of industry or service; That is why the prevention of occupational hazards has been constantly evolving over time; and although these risks cannot be eliminated, they can be controlled through preventive measures at the source, medium and receiver. The main objective of this research is to design the technical management of mechanical risks in the company's production area for the prevention of occupational accidents; as well as identifying the occupational hazards of all jobs; evaluate mechanical risks in the production area and propose a mechanical risk control plan to minimize accidents. For the identification of occupational risks, the NTP 330 methodology was applied: Simplified accident risk assessment system to all the company's jobs, obtaining that the mechanical risk factor is the most predominant and therefore it is necessary to manage them. For the evaluation of mechanical risks, the William T. Fine method was used, obtaining that the risks considered as high are those of machinery with risk of entrapment, falling objects due to collapse or detachment and surfaces of hot materials; the production coordinator is the job that is exposed to a greater number of mechanical risks; It should also be noted that in the order of prioritization it was obtained: high-medium, high-low, medium-low and low- low. Regarding the evaluation of the investment, according to the control measures proposed on a consolidated basis, the amount of $ 14,013.00 if it justifies the investment. Finally, the mechanical risk control plan will serve to propose control measures for each activity whose objective is to minimize accidents or incidents in the company's production area.