Evaluación in vitro del control biológico de oidio (Uncinula necátor) mediante la aplicación de Trichoderma spp aislada del cultivo de Vid (Vitis vinífera).
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
A nivel global, los alimentos que se cultivan son cada vez más nocivos para la salud humana, principalmente debido a la elevada presencia de residuos químicos. Uno de los problemas fundamentales radica en la utilización excesiva e inapropiada de insumos agrícolas para combatir enfermedades fúngicas en los cultivos de vid. Es por esto que una de las alternativas para disminuir el uso de fungicidas químicos, para manejo de oídio, es el control biológico que disminuye los residuos químicos en la fruta. Las variedades pertenecientes al género Trichoderma son reconocidas como unas de las más utilizadas en funciones de control biológico, desempeñando en algunas situaciones un papel antagonista frente a hongos y bacterias fitopatógenos. El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue la evaluación in vitro de Trichoderma spp. aislada frente a oídio en el cultivo de la vid. La investigación se la realizó en los laboratorios de la PUCE-I, cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura en donde se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con dos dosis de Trichoderma spp (1x103 UFC/ml y 1x105 UFC/ml) y un testigo como controlador químico (Myclobutanil), con tres repeticiones en cada tratamiento. Se empleo la técnica de cultivos duales para poder determinar la mejor dosis, obteniendo que la dosis 1x105 UFC/ml fue la mejor en el control del patógeno. También se realizó la técnica de cámaras húmedas en donde se inoculó hojas de vid con el hongo patógeno aislado y con la Trichoderma spp. las mediciones respectivas del crecimiento diametral se realizaron a los 15 días en donde se evidenció que con la dosis de 1x105ml de Trichoderma spp se obtuvo un mejor control del hongo patógeno. También como estudio complementario se realizó el conteo de células de oidio por el período de 10 horas por la técnica de espectrofotometría y se realizó las evaluaciones de las dosis en campo para poder constatar la validez de la investigación.
Globally, the foods that are grown are increasingly harmful to human health, mainly due to the high presence of chemical residues. One of the fundamental problems lies in the excessive and inappropriate use of agricultural inputs to combat fungal diseases in grapevine crops. This is why one of the alternatives to reduce the use of chemical fungicides, to manage powdery mildew, is biological control that reduces chemical residues in the fruit. Varieties belonging to the genus Trichoderma are recognized as some of the most used in biological control functions, playing in some situations an antagonistic role against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The main objective of this research was the in vitro evaluation of Trichoderma spp. isolated against powdery mildew in grape cultivation. The research was carried out in the laboratories of the PUCE-I, canton Ibarra, province of Imbabura where it was used in a completely randomized design with two doses of Trichoderma spp (1x103 ufc/ml and 1x105 UFC/ml) and a control as a chemical controller (Myclobutanil), with three repetitions in each treatment. The dual culture technique was used to determine the best dose, obtaining better results in controlling the pathogen with the 1x105ml dose. The humid chamber technique was also carried out where vine leaves were inoculated with the isolated pathogenic fungus and with Trichoderma spp. The respective measurements of diametral growth were carried out after 15 days, where it was evident that with the dose of 1x105 UFC/ml of Trichoderma spp, better control of the pathogenic fungus was obtained. Also as a complementary study, the counting of powdery mildew cells was carried out for a period of 10 hours using the spectrophotometry technique and the dose evaluations were carried out in the field to verify the validity of the research.
Globally, the foods that are grown are increasingly harmful to human health, mainly due to the high presence of chemical residues. One of the fundamental problems lies in the excessive and inappropriate use of agricultural inputs to combat fungal diseases in grapevine crops. This is why one of the alternatives to reduce the use of chemical fungicides, to manage powdery mildew, is biological control that reduces chemical residues in the fruit. Varieties belonging to the genus Trichoderma are recognized as some of the most used in biological control functions, playing in some situations an antagonistic role against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The main objective of this research was the in vitro evaluation of Trichoderma spp. isolated against powdery mildew in grape cultivation. The research was carried out in the laboratories of the PUCE-I, canton Ibarra, province of Imbabura where it was used in a completely randomized design with two doses of Trichoderma spp (1x103 ufc/ml and 1x105 UFC/ml) and a control as a chemical controller (Myclobutanil), with three repetitions in each treatment. The dual culture technique was used to determine the best dose, obtaining better results in controlling the pathogen with the 1x105ml dose. The humid chamber technique was also carried out where vine leaves were inoculated with the isolated pathogenic fungus and with Trichoderma spp. The respective measurements of diametral growth were carried out after 15 days, where it was evident that with the dose of 1x105 UFC/ml of Trichoderma spp, better control of the pathogenic fungus was obtained. Also as a complementary study, the counting of powdery mildew cells was carried out for a period of 10 hours using the spectrophotometry technique and the dose evaluations were carried out in the field to verify the validity of the research.
Description
Keywords
Trichoderma spp, Oídio, Control biológico