Evaluación de la eficiencia de un sistema de vermifiltros en el tratamiento de aguas residuales del camal de Ibarra
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El uso de sistemas de vermifiltración en el tratamiento de aguas residuales es considerado una alternativa válida, no solo por la remoción de contaminantes, sino que además nos aporta con importantes ventajas como la disminución total de lodos residuales, no generan malos olores, ni utilizan energía eléctrica y la obtención de humus durante el proceso. La presente investigación se basó en el estudio de la eficiencia de Vermifiltros con la finalidad de tratar agua residual proveniente del Camal de la ciudad de Ibarra, la disminución de los Sólidos Totales y la Demanda Química de Oxígeno. Para este efecto se probaron 2 tipos de sistemas filtrantes con diferentes sustratos de grava, aserrín, viruta y lombrices Eisenia foetida; el Vermifiltro 1 se estructuró además con piedra pómez, mientras que el Vermifiltro 2 estuvo compuesto por piedra bola, la evaluación se realizó durante 2 meses, tiempo prudente para el desarrollo adecuado de la lombriz. Se evaluaron dos tratamientos con tres repeticiones con un total de 6 unidades experimentales, el diseño experimental utilizado es el Diseño Completamente Aleatorio, la prueba de significancia fue Tukey al 5%, las variables dependientes: Demanda Química de Oxígeno y Sólidos Totales y las variables de control: Turbidez, color, pH y conductividad eléctrica. Los dos tratamientos estudiados fueron eficientes en la descontaminación de aguas residuales, de ellos el Vermifiltro 1 obtuvo los mejores resultados: 96,27% de eficiencia en la disminución de DQO, 64,01% en la remoción de Sólidos Totales, cumpliendo con los límites permisibles para las descargas al sistema de alcantarillado público según el Libro VI Anexo 1 del Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria del Ministerio del Ambiente y a su vez 0,44% de incremento de materia orgánica en el sustrato de las lombrices.
The use of vermifiltration systems in the treatment of wastewater is considered a valid alternative, not only for the removal of pollutants, but also provides us with important advantages such as the total reduction of sewage sludge, does not generate bad odors, nor use energy electric and obtaining humus during the process. The present investigation was based on the study of the efficiency of Vermifiltros with the purpose of treating residual water from the Ibarra city road, the decrease of Total Solids and the Chemical Oxygen Demand. For this purpose, 2 types of filter systems were tested with different strata of gravel, sawdust, shavings and earthworms Eisenia foetida; Vermifilter 1 was also structured with pumice stone, while Vermifilter 2 was made up of ball stone, the evaluation was carried out for 2 months, prudent time for the proper development of the earthworm. Two treatments with three repetitions with a total of 6 experimental units were evaluated, the experimental design used is the Completely Random Design, the significance test was 5% Tukey, the dependent variables: Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Solids and the variables of Control: Turbidity, color, pH and electrical conductivity. The two treatments studied were efficient in the decontamination of wastewater, of which Vermifilter 1 obtained the best results: 96.27% efficiency in the reduction of COD, 64.01% in the removal of Total Solids, complying with the limits permissible for discharges to the public sewerage system according to Book VI Annex 1 of the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of Environment and in turn 0.44% increase in organic matter in the earthworm substrate.
The use of vermifiltration systems in the treatment of wastewater is considered a valid alternative, not only for the removal of pollutants, but also provides us with important advantages such as the total reduction of sewage sludge, does not generate bad odors, nor use energy electric and obtaining humus during the process. The present investigation was based on the study of the efficiency of Vermifiltros with the purpose of treating residual water from the Ibarra city road, the decrease of Total Solids and the Chemical Oxygen Demand. For this purpose, 2 types of filter systems were tested with different strata of gravel, sawdust, shavings and earthworms Eisenia foetida; Vermifilter 1 was also structured with pumice stone, while Vermifilter 2 was made up of ball stone, the evaluation was carried out for 2 months, prudent time for the proper development of the earthworm. Two treatments with three repetitions with a total of 6 experimental units were evaluated, the experimental design used is the Completely Random Design, the significance test was 5% Tukey, the dependent variables: Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Solids and the variables of Control: Turbidity, color, pH and electrical conductivity. The two treatments studied were efficient in the decontamination of wastewater, of which Vermifilter 1 obtained the best results: 96.27% efficiency in the reduction of COD, 64.01% in the removal of Total Solids, complying with the limits permissible for discharges to the public sewerage system according to Book VI Annex 1 of the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of Environment and in turn 0.44% increase in organic matter in the earthworm substrate.
Description
Keywords
Vermifiltros, Aguas, Residuales, Remoción