Tesis – Maestría en Pedagogía del Inglés como Lengua Extranjera (Sin Restricción)
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Volunteers in the EFL classroom: supporting public institutions in Ecuador(PUCE - Quito, 2024) Borja Román, María José; Fierro Echeverría, Samuel EnriqueEste artículo destaca el trabajo de voluntarios norteamericanos realizado a través de organismos internacionales en las aulas de cinco Colegios Públicos de la costa del Ecuador. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar más información a la escasa existente y proporcionar resultados y literatura de apoyo que se centre en el trabajo realizado por los voluntarios. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y cualitativa mediante observación no participante. Cinco clases de inglés fueron observadas en las que voluntarios apoyaron a docentes ecuatorianos. Estos datos fueron analizados y reportados, concluyendo que es una ayuda que los estudiantes disfrutan y los docentes apoyan, ya que coinciden en que la exposición a un hablante nativo ayudó a los estudiantes con la pronunciación y práctica del lenguaje hablado.Item Open Access Task-based Learning Vocabulary Activities for Fourth Grade(PUCE - Quito, 2023) Araujo Garzón, Neiva Margoth; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaDeveloping speaking skills has been one of the most difficult challenges for students, especially for children due to a lack of vocabulary when they want to express or answer any question. Students struggle to say what they think or give ideas due to their lacking vocabulary, as words taught in classrooms are not put in context in a real-life situation it makes the acquisition of said. On the contrary, vocabulary is taught in isolation where words are learned mostly by writing. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of task-based learning activities in fourth graders in learning vocabulary and acquiring the ability to produce it orally. For this reason, the need has arisen to apply and evaluate a task-based learning teaching approach that gives students the opportunity to work in a natural environment using different activities. This study uses qualitative andquantitative methods to evaluate pretest and posttest vocabulary, students' oral production and a final survey to know the children's opinions about the activities performed in class. Students consolidate their activity by working in groups. Results show that in the vocabulary posttest that most of the students mastered the required learning; only one student is close in achieving the required task; demonstrating great progress. Besides, in oral production, they use varied vocabulary to express opinions, preferences and ideas. They were fluent and confident; their intonation was clear, and theirmisuse of grammar was better than before.Item Open Access Developing EFL teacher’s identity: the role of EFL teachers in the classroom(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Ramírez Basantes, Raúl Sebastián; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Miliça MargaritaEarly teaching and student experiences act as cultural references for English as a Foreign Language teachers. Tools and strategies are articulated in the form of roles, which are constantly tested and negotiated within the classroom, modeling the EFL teacher’s identity. The following is a case study on three EFL teacher’s identity development from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. The presence of roles related to EFL teaching was identified through a semi-participant observation and compiled in an observation grid. Observed tools and strategies origin was deepened in the transcription of interviews based on life stories, using a biographical methodology. The use of Socializing / Empathizing skills from the Acculturator role were present in codeswitch using an Ecuadorian pitch, aimed to deal with emotional transactions in the class successfully. Previous working experiences allowed teachers to find strategies to incorporate EFL teaching roles with low emotional labor. Role models from the family and working context played a crucial role in the integration of emotional tools to negotiate roles within the class with low emotional labor.Item Open Access Intonation of questions and requests in lower intermediate adult EFL students(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Vaca Barragán, Diana Alejandra; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaThis paper investigates the intonation of questions and requests produced by 10 adult lower intermediate EFL students. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the most common intonation mistakes. It is significant to study the current state of intonation in order to propose methodological activities to improve specific intonation problems. In fact, the study compares the pitch contours of two questions and two requests produced by native speakers with the intonation of EFL learners. This descriptive study concluded that: the learners seem not to be aware of pitch contours and the function of intonation patterns; and that the L1 influences the production of the L2. These results suggest that some technological tools such as Praat can be used in the process of teaching and learning intonation.Item Open Access English vocabulary learning strategies for an ESP tattooing course(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Arízala Quinto, Miguel Ángel; Curiel Ávila, Adriana BeatrizThe aim of this research is to explore the vocabulary world that lies behind the art “street” of tattooing. With the purpose of setting a frame of leaning strategies capable of trespassing the aforementioned lexis in a suitable and academic way to a group of EFL learners. The methodology has a descriptive character and the population taken into consideration for the development of this project was the artists from the different tattoo studios in the city. The terminology used by them in their field of work was collected through a structured interview which was once outlined within categories in order to be taught weekly through the staging of various vocabulary learning strategies. The results indicate that these strategies can be used, as long as they are adapted to the specific needs of each group. It is concluded then, that there is in fact a specific jargon within the world of tattooing and that the limited number of courses offered, creates a fertile field that could be exploited in the future with the purpose of academicizing the urban art of tattooing and all the lexicon that this entails.Item Open Access Using PRAAT to aid in the pronunciation of -S ending in an ecuadorian EFL class(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Moncayo Herrera, Wilmer Enrique; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaThis research aims to improve students' pronunciation of the -S ending sound by using PRAAT computer software and explore whether, after the use of it, their pronunciation had improved in context. A design method using PRAAT as the primary tool helped this group of learners from a high school in Ecuador to improve their pronunciation of words with these ending sounds. Recorded sample audios from native English speakers were implemented in this study. The final results demonstrated that certain group of learners improved their pronunciation on the -S ending sounds yet others did not, students concerned about their level of English improved compared to the ones with low proficiency.Item Open Access Structured input activities to teach sentence patterns in past tense to A1 level students(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Rodríguez Mora, Jefferson Fabián; Vásquez Naranjo, Alejandra NathalyLa investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar, en una amplitud cuasi inclusiva, los tipos de actividades de input estructurado que ayudan en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de patrones de oraciones en pasado simple. La investigación utilizó un diseño experimental. Se reclutaron doce estudiantes para esta investigación y seis de ellos fueron enviados al grupo de estudio. A este grupo se enseñó mediante el uso de actividades afectivas como ordenar y clasificar, seleccionar alternativas, opciones binarias y encuestas. Estas actividades proporcionan información suficiente ya que los estudiantes trabajan con la forma gramatical meta mientras procesan e interiorizan el significado de la oración. Se utilizaron actividades de preprueba, posprueba, grabaciones de audio y escritas para medir el aprendizaje del tiempo gramatical pasado simple. Los resultados sugirieron que las actividades de input estructurado eran responsables de la mayor parte de la mejora de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, la gramática explícita no debe dejarse atrás, ya que los estudiantes aún cometen errores al usar inflexiones -ed / d. Del mismo modo, las actividades de input estructurado podrían necesitar ayuda de la gramática explícita entrelazada con un enfoque comunicativo o basado en el significado.Item Open Access Structured input grammar activities for penultimate year students at Fernández Madrid High School(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Riofrío Salazar, Evelyn Esdrey; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaThis quasi-experimental research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of structured input grammar activities on students in their penultimate year at Fernández Madrid High School, during the school year 2020-2021. Pre-tests applied to 70 students of penultimate year showed a low level of grammar competence in topics as present perfect, tag questions, passive voice, used to and second conditional. Structured input grammar activities were incorporated in the experimental group of 35 students, while conventional strategies were applied in the control group of 35 individuals. There were 25 interventions of forty minutes in total to introduce input activities such as binary options, surveys, supplying information, matching, selecting alternatives, ordering, and ranking to facilitate the internalization of linguistic forms. The process culminated with a post-test to experimental and control group to compare and analyze the grades of both groups. The results demonstrated that a better average was achieved in the group to which structured input grammar activities were incorporated. In consequence, the incorporation of structured grammar activities has had significant impact on grammar competence of students.Item Open Access Teaching phrasal verbs through a cognitive approach(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Procel Zarria, Mónica Margarita; Vásquez Naranjo, Alejandra NathalyMost of the time, teachers can see that students usually cannot communicate fluently in the English language because they have limited vocabulary. For this reason and due to the demands of the new era, it is essential to learn vocabulary that is used by native English speakers in their daily conversations. The following research focuses on teaching English phrasal verbs through a cognitive approach with the support of embodied experience and metaphor theory in order to promote quality learning, looking for more viable alternatives to reach a meaningful understanding. This study was based on experimental and descriptive research in which quantitative data helped the researcher collect information The project was applied to B1 level students of a private Institute in the city of Quito. These students were chosen because they have had a difficult time learning English phrasal verbs by memory without any context. The instruments used in this project were pre and post tests. Besides, a variety of interactive activities were applied in this project such as: videos, memes, wordwall website, comic strips, among others. Therefore, students felt more motivated and confident during classes.Item Open Access Error analysis of subject verb agreement in present simple third person singular on written sentences with A2.2 EFL students(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Torres Merino, José Fabián; Vásquez Naranjo, Alejandra NathalyThis research is aimed at analyzing the written subject-verb agreement (SVA) errors in present simple in third person singular made by high school students to know the possible sources for these errors and design or plan the most appropriate input to support students to overcome these difficulties. The corpus for this study comprises 15 participants and 366 writing samples obtained from the tasks responses to identify, classify, quantify, and determine the possible sources of errors. The methodology was conducted through a descriptive research design, and it was focused on the qualitative and quantitative approaches. Later, the collected errors were classified conforming to Dulay, Burt, and Krashen's (1982) Surface Strategy Taxonomy, which gathers errors with omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. Likewise, the analysis of the results to know the possible sources for these errors is based on prominent studies from specialists in this field. The results reveal that the most common error that students make deals with misformation, followed by omission and misordering errors, whereas addition is the least frequent error; thus, most of the errors are intralingual as the students apply rules inadequately or incompletely. Further, other errors are interlingual since the errors committed by the participants are from the negative transfer of their mother language. Lastly, the context of learning is another significant source of error considered in this paper. Based on the information, teachers could detect students' needs and design the most effective and optimal input to overcome this issue from the results.Item Open Access Error analysis on the use of simple past tense in narrative texts in online learning(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Oviedo Zuñiga, Silvana Patricia; Vásquez Naranjo, Alejandra NathalyThis study aims to analyze the different types of errors made in Simple Past Tense in narrative texts by students in the EFL classroom in a high school from Quito. The group of learners of this study present difficulties in their English writing skills, structuring sentences, writing paragraphs in a correct way and narrating events in past. The participants selected for this study were 39 students between 16 and 17 years old. All of them were native Spanish speakers and learners of English as a foreign language. Three narrative documents written by the students were collected during synchronous and asynchronous environments. The researcher identified, classified and analyzed the errors in Simple Past Tense made by the participants and based the study on Error Analysis theory. The author found 309 errors items which were classified into Omission, Addition, Misformation, and Misordering errors (Dulay et al., 1982). These errors were made in Synchronous and Asynchronous environments. The study found more Misformation errors in students’ writings – 193 total errors, 87 errors in the Synchronous modality and 96 in the Asynchronous environment. The findings in this study revealed that the high frequency of errors is caused by Intralingual interferenceItem Open Access Interactive apeaking activities to strengthen oral interaction and accurate Wh-question intonation in A1 EFL students(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Paucar Sangoquiza, Verónica Pilar; Vásquez Naranjo, Alejandra NathalyFor many years, students try to learn English as a foreign language since they are kids until they become adults in Ecuador, but the speaking abilities are not developed in an effective way because the students are exposed to mechanical drills where they do not acquire the English language in order to be used as a tool to establish oral communication. I decided to apply this research due to the lack of oral interaction and intonation in wh-questions during the English class process. This project was focused on A1 level - eight graders- of a private high school in Quito where there are students with difficulties when they attempt to communicate their thoughts or ideas which need to be solved in order to strengthen the oral interaction. In order to succeed in this project, video recordings, teacher’s observation and a survey were used to show that interactive speaking activities such as a video, a game and a song help them speak, participate, have fun and interact during the teaching process. In addition, they felt relaxed, motivated and excited when they had to work in pairs or groups.Item Open Access Effects of Input-based Processing Instruction and Output-based Traditional Instruction on Past Tense by Ecuadorian Learners(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Naranjo Jácome, Myriam Estefanía; Matts, Janine MarieEl presente artículo investiga los efectos de la instrucción de proceso basada en input y la instrucción tradicional basada en output sobre el tiempo pasado en estudiantes ecuatorianos de EFL. El propósito de este estudio es comparar la aplicación de ambas instrucciones y sus efectos. Este fue un estudio cuasiexperimental el cual contó con veinte participantes quienes no fueron escogidos de manera aleatoria para tomar un curso cuyo enfoque era el tiempo pasado en un instituto de idiomas en Quito-Ecuador. Se asignó aleatoriamente a los participantes a un grupo de instrucción basada en input (IPI) y a un grupo de instrucción tradicional basada en output (OPI). Ambos grupos rindieron un examen previo y posterior junto a una encuesta al final del curso. Los resultados mostraron que ambas instrucciones tuvieron efectos positivos al aprender el tiempo pasado. Sin embargo, el grupo de instrucción de proceso basada en input obtuve un mejor desenvolvimiento que el grupo de instrucción tradicional basada en output. Los resultados proveen evidencia para aplicar la instrucción basada en input al momento de aprender una estructura específica de un segundo idioma.Item Open Access Flipped classroom methodology for EFL teachers(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Pacheco Logroño, Silvana Catalina; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaThe aim of this study is to explore to what extent the Flipped Classroom Methodology application improved the English language teaching process in some institutions in the south of Quito during the pandemic. For this reason, it is essential to identify the factors that influenced the performance of the teaching process in English teachers during this time. The data collection instruments used in this research were: a personalized questionnaire and a semi-structured interview applied to five teachers chosen at random; as well as quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied for the corresponding data analysis. The participants were fifty-three out of eighty-seven English teachers trained in using this methodology through an academic workshop. The rising results from the data analysis both in the questionnaire and in the interview were positive. Ninety-nine percent of the teachers surveyed agreed that the Flipped Classroom Methodology had contributed to improving the language teaching process; the content videos supported students' learning of language skills. Although this methodology is not classic for teaching English, it has greatly benefited the learning and motivation of students when it comes to learning.Item Open Access Speaking anxiety in young EFL ecuadorian students(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Ocaña Ramos, Diana Elizabeth; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaThis paper aims to determine the causes of speaking anxiety among EFL teenagers from Unidad Educativa Municipal Quitumbe. Teenage learners are influenced by different types of feelings during adolescence due to the specific psycho-physiological changes of this age group. Therefore, teachers must be incredibly careful on how foreign language anxiety negatively influences the personality of learners from the point of view of their character and confidence building. According to the surveys administered during this investigation, most of the students find it difficult to learn, understand and use the foreign language. This phenomenon is the result of the interaction of several factors, which is why, it is paramount to identify the causes of foreign language anxiety, particularly in speaking for it is in the communicative act where anxiety is most visible. To obtain the data, it was considered necessary to make use of the previously used and tested Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), which was taken into consideration as guide. The findings present a high level of speaking anxiety in the foreign language class due to the poor knowledge of verbal and non-verbal skills (See in results pgs. 12-18). This paper suggests that further research about this phenomenon within Ecuadorian students is of the highest importance.Item Open Access Interactive software to teach technical vocabulary to A1 and pre A1 ecuadorian adult english students using contextualized stories(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Escobar Ponce, Pablo David; Serrano Prato, Gabriela PetruskaThis paper investigates the development of software designed to help adult students learn Informatics technical vocabulary using interactive storytelling. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze how six adult A1 EFL students feel and learn when using non-conventional educational technological tools. It is important to take advantage of current technological advances in order to develop inventive language learning resources that can help students learn in a meaningful and engaging way, not only in the classroom but at any time. The study presents the development of software that uses a combination of many branches of language learning theory such as English for specific purposes, vocabulary learning in adults as well as storytelling in order to improve the Informatics technical vocabulary of learners. By interpreting the data gathered from a user experience survey and a vocabulary test conducted after the participants interacted with the software, this study concluded that: Interactive storytelling helps beginner students to learn technical vocabulary and make them more confident in their reading skills. However, combining two typically difficult subjects such as English and Informatics overwhelmed some learners and discouraged them from using the developed software more than necessary. These results suggest that interactive storytelling can be used in the process of teaching and learning general and technical English vocabulary as well as improving reading.Item Open Access Listening skills through rhymes and minimal pairs with consonant sounds(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Chulde Cabrera, Sandra Valentina; Vásquez Naranjo, Alejandra NathalyThis research presents a proposal based on Listening Skills through Rhymes and Minimal Pairs with Consonant Sounds aimed at students of four to five years old in a kindergarten at “San Francisco de Sales High School” located in Quito, during the 2021-2022 school year. The methodology used in the development of the proposal is of an experimental type, because the General Objective is to develop pre-listening skills through the use of minimal pairs with consonant sounds and rhymes. This tool will show the differences of learning through rhymes, as well as the use of minimal pairs and their identification through IPA symbols and sounds in children. To extract the information, the survey technique was applied to a population of 7 teachers and 7 kindergarten students. The application of the survey presents the knowledge about minimal pairs and phonological awareness that teachers in the institution have, as well as the necessities to focus on certain minimal pairs with consonant sounds that are difficult to distinguish in higher levels. Likewise, it allowed us to see the development of students´ listening skills and pronunciation.Item Open Access A study of language teacher identity negotiations of ecuadorian english teachers(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Kandappankattil Narayanan, Vinu; Harutyunyan, LiliyaIn the changing social, political, and cultural environment of a language classroom, a Language Teachers’ professional identity plays a significant role. In the postmodern sense of the word, one’s identity is actively under construction. This fragmented, multiple, expansive identity determines one’s sense of self. Beyond professional and pedagogical knowledge that is expected of teachers, this multidimensional realm of teacher training receives little attention (Tsui, 2007). Language teachers and learners cannot remove themselves from the reality that they are engaged in the process of negotiating their identities. This process is made further complex because of the intricacy of the relationship between language and culture. English as Foreign/Second Language teachers and learners additionally struggle with the coloniality of the language and the globality of its position. These factors loom in the proscenium of an English class, actively interacting with every communicative activity conducted within. Cultural globalization, identity formation and English language education, and their interconnectedness cannot be brushed aside (Kumaravadivelu, 2008, 2012). In this research, the identity negotiation of an Ecuadorian language teacher is viewed through the looking glass of the native-nonnative dichotomy that exists in every decision and methodology in an English class. It then studies about how teachers reflect, reify, resist, and reinvent their subjectivities. In the conclusion, the implications of the fragmented and complex identities are analyzed and possible applications in teacher education is explored.Item Open Access Implications of teaching english idioms to L2 learners through digital gamification at a public school(PUCE - Quito, 2021) Portilla Ayala, Oscar Roberto; Dragosavljevich Garzón, Milica MargaritaThe purpose of this study is to determine the impact of teaching English idioms through the use of digital gamification on students who are learning English as a second language at a public school. Sixty students and eight English teachers from the school participated in this research. The students were divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group with 30 students each. Pre-tests and post-tests were applied to the participants in both study groups. For this descriptive study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Several scientific instruments were applied to collect data as well as observations and analyses of the recorded classes by the teachers who participated in the study were carried out. After the discussion and analysis of the results, it was possible to conclude that the use of methodologies based on gamification positively impacts the learning of English idioms in students of the public institution. This study suggests that the application of gamification for teaching idioms has favorable results in student learning It was determined that learning methods through digital games motivate both students and teachers, making students acquire and use idiomatic expressions in their everyday language. After concluding the investigation, several recommendations for future studies were raised, mainly concerning a larger sample to obtain reliable results and additional tests at different times after the experimentation. On this basis, observations in-person classes and use combined teaching methods should be used to verify which is the most effective method for teaching English idioms.Item Open Access Error analysis of english articles and pedagogical implications for EFL students(PUCE - Quito, 2022) Pilapaña Anaguano, Carina Beatriz; Moscoso Loaiza, RosanaThe present research analyzes the frequency of errors that 40 adult English learners and 11 English teachers make in the use of English articles. It investigates the different types of errors (addition, omission, and selection) and the sources (interlingual and intralingual). For data collection, a test with writing, speaking, and grammar sections were conducted for this research. For teachers, a grammar and writing a paragraph task was administered. Following the conventions of Error Analysis (EA) and Contrastive Analysis (CA), this study found that adult learners face problems in using articles that deserve attention, especially in the definite article, which often appears where zero article is required to have well structure utterances. In errors of the addition category, transfer of the mother language was found as the primary source of the identified errors for students and teachers. Errors behind the Intralingual source disclose a low level of occurrence. Due to the features of these errors, count and non-count nouns in different contexts need to be timely taught to reduce the misuse of articles. Based on the results, some pedagogical implications are put forward to help teachers and students improve the acquisition of articles.