Evaluación de la eficiencia de extracto de Ambrosia arborescens en el tratamiento y control de ectoparásitos en bovinos (Bovicola bovis)
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Actualmente, la ganadería bovina a nivel mundial se enfrenta a una grave problemática por la infestación de ectoparásitos que desencadena enfermedades, reducción de la producción, desnutrición y muerte. En Ecuador, los ectoparásitos representan la principal causa de pérdidas económicas, siendo el piojo (Bovicola bovis) uno de los parásitos más comunes cuya proliferación resulta de deficientes técnicas de manejo. Es común el empleo de desparasitantes comerciales, aunque también se emplean algunas plantas que poseen propiedades antiparasitarias como es la Ambrosia arborescens. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la evaluación del efecto de 3 diferentes concentraciones de extracto de Ambrosia arborescens al aplicarlo en una muestra poblacional de piojos (Bovicola bovis) de forma in vitro, el experimento fue realizado en los laboratorios de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra. Se usó un diseño experimental DCA que constó de 3 tratamientos, un testigo y 3 repeticiones, para ello se tomaron muestras de Ambrosia arborescens en bolsas que fueron selladas y trasladadas a los laboratorios de la PUCESI, en donde se extrajo la savia usando el método de maceración con solvente, el extracto fue diluido en agua destilada para obtener las distintas concentraciones, asimismo, se recolectaron muestras de ectoparásitos que fueron colocados en cajas Petri y trasladadas al laboratorio para posterior aplicación del extracto de Ambrosia arborescens. Se obtuvo resultados favorables ya que en cada tratamiento ha existido una cantidad aceptable de muerte parasitaria y en un intervalo de tiempo bastante corto, se comprobó que la concentración más efectiva fue (T1) pues logró la mortalidad del 60% de la muestra total, mientras que el tratamiento menos efectivo fue T3 pues sólo logró el 33% de mortalidad. El estudio comprobó que esta planta es una excelente alternativa para el control de Bovicola bovis ya que su eficacia es alta, es de fácil empleo y además sustituye a productos comerciales, reduciendo así los costos de producción en una explotación.
At present, cattle farming worldwide is facing a serious problem due to ectoparasite infestation, which leads to disease, reduced production, malnutrition and death. In Ecuador, ectoparasites represent the main cause of economic losses, being the louse (Bovicola Bovis) one of the most common parasites and its proliferation is the result of deficient management techniques. The use of commercial dewormers is common, but these products have been replaced by the use of plants with antiparasitic properties such as Ambrosia arborescens (frame). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 different concentrations of Ambrosia arborescens extract when applied in vitro on a population sample of lice (Bovicola bovis). The experiment was carried out in the bromatology laboratory of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ibarra campus. A DCA experimental design was used, consisting of 3 treatments, a control and 3 replicates. For this purpose, samples of Ambrosia arborescens were taken in bags that were sealed and transferred to the PUCESI laboratories, where the sap was extracted using the steam distillation method, the extract was diluted in distilled water to obtain different concentrations, and samples of ectoparasites were collected and placed in Petri dishes and transferred to the laboratory for subsequent application of the Ambrosia arborescens extract. Favorable results have been obtained since in each treatment there has been an acceptable amount of parasite death and in a fairly short time interval, it has been proven that the most effective concentration was (T1) because it achieved mortality of 60% of the total sample, while the least effective treatment was T3 because it only achieved 33% mortality. The study has shown that this plant is an excellent alternative for the control of Bovicola bovis since its efficacy is high, it is easy to use and it also substitutes commercial products, thus reducing production costs in a farm.
At present, cattle farming worldwide is facing a serious problem due to ectoparasite infestation, which leads to disease, reduced production, malnutrition and death. In Ecuador, ectoparasites represent the main cause of economic losses, being the louse (Bovicola Bovis) one of the most common parasites and its proliferation is the result of deficient management techniques. The use of commercial dewormers is common, but these products have been replaced by the use of plants with antiparasitic properties such as Ambrosia arborescens (frame). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 different concentrations of Ambrosia arborescens extract when applied in vitro on a population sample of lice (Bovicola bovis). The experiment was carried out in the bromatology laboratory of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ibarra campus. A DCA experimental design was used, consisting of 3 treatments, a control and 3 replicates. For this purpose, samples of Ambrosia arborescens were taken in bags that were sealed and transferred to the PUCESI laboratories, where the sap was extracted using the steam distillation method, the extract was diluted in distilled water to obtain different concentrations, and samples of ectoparasites were collected and placed in Petri dishes and transferred to the laboratory for subsequent application of the Ambrosia arborescens extract. Favorable results have been obtained since in each treatment there has been an acceptable amount of parasite death and in a fairly short time interval, it has been proven that the most effective concentration was (T1) because it achieved mortality of 60% of the total sample, while the least effective treatment was T3 because it only achieved 33% mortality. The study has shown that this plant is an excellent alternative for the control of Bovicola bovis since its efficacy is high, it is easy to use and it also substitutes commercial products, thus reducing production costs in a farm.
Description
Keywords
Ectoparásito, Control, Infestación, In vitro, Ambrosia arborescens