Niveles de neonicotinoides en miel de abeja de panales ubicados en zonas de alta producción agrícola en la provincia del Carchi
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Date
2020
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Las autoridades sanitarias a nivel mundial han lanzado una alerta frente a la disminución de las poblaciones de abejas a causa del uso de pesticidas denominados Neonicotinoides, estos compuestos químicos actúan directamente en el sistema nervioso central causando un desequilibrio en toda la colmena, por lo que una forma de estudiar esta exposición es analizando la miel. Para esta investigación se confirmó la existencia de 38 explotaciones apícolas en la provincia del Carchi, con un muestreo probabilístico se tomaron 12 muestras de miel para el estudio, estás se llevaron al laboratorio de Química Analítica e Instrumental de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador sede Ibarra para su tratamiento y posterior análisis, el mismo que se realizó en un equipo de Cromatografía Liquida de Alta Resolución marca Jasco PU-2089S con detector UV; para ello se adquirió el estándar Imidacloprid Pestanal de Sigma Aldrich y una columna C18ec NUCLEODUR de Macherey-Nagel. Posteriormente el análisis confirmó la presencia del insecticida Neonicotinoide Imidacloprid en todas las muestras de miel, el mismo que se encontraba en concentraciones entre 0,017 y 0,132 ppm, estos resultados fueron comparadas con la Norma Internacional de la Unión Europea número 491 del año 2014 que establece como valor máximo permisible una concentración de 0,05 ppm, lo que demuestra que el 91,6% de las mieles analizadas cumplen esta normativa haciéndolas seguras para el consumo, sin embargo, el 8,4% de las mieles analizadas no cumplen con la misma. Finalmente, con el uso del software ArcGis versión 10.5.1 se elaboraron tres mapas cartográficos: de la distribución espacial de las explotaciones apícolas, de la interpolación espacial de las concentraciones de Imidacloprid y la distribución espacial de las explotaciones en estudio con el fin de identificar las zonas con mayor uso de este pesticida.
The health authorities worldwide have launched an alert against the decrease in bee populations due to the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids, these chemical compounds act directly in the central nervous system causing an imbalance throughout the hive, therefore a way to study this exposure is analyzing the honey. For this investigation, the existence of 38 apicultural farms in the province of Carchi was confirmed, with a probabilistic sampling 12 honey samples were taken for the study, these were controlled to the Laboratory of Analytical and Instrumental Chemistry of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Ibarra headquarters for its treatment and subsequent analysis, the same one that was performed in a Jasco PU-2089S high resolution liquid chromatography equipment with UV detector; for this, the Immacloprid Pestanal standard of Sigma Aldrich and a C18ec NUCLEODUR column from Macherey-Nagel were acquired. Subsequently, the analysis confirmed the presence of the Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid insecticide in all honey samples, which was detected in the concentrations of 0,017 and 0,132 ppm, these results were compared with the International Standard of the European Union number 491 of the year 2014 which established as a maximum permissible value a concentration of 0,05 ppm, which shows 91.6% of the analyzed honeys determined by this regulation making them safe for consumption, however 8.4% of the analyzed honeys not related to it. Finally, with the use of ArcGis software, three cartographic maps were prepared: of the spatial distribution of the beekeeping holdings, of the spatial interpolation of the Imidacloprid variations and the spatial distribution of the farms under study in order to identify the areas with the majority use of this pesticide.
The health authorities worldwide have launched an alert against the decrease in bee populations due to the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids, these chemical compounds act directly in the central nervous system causing an imbalance throughout the hive, therefore a way to study this exposure is analyzing the honey. For this investigation, the existence of 38 apicultural farms in the province of Carchi was confirmed, with a probabilistic sampling 12 honey samples were taken for the study, these were controlled to the Laboratory of Analytical and Instrumental Chemistry of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Ibarra headquarters for its treatment and subsequent analysis, the same one that was performed in a Jasco PU-2089S high resolution liquid chromatography equipment with UV detector; for this, the Immacloprid Pestanal standard of Sigma Aldrich and a C18ec NUCLEODUR column from Macherey-Nagel were acquired. Subsequently, the analysis confirmed the presence of the Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid insecticide in all honey samples, which was detected in the concentrations of 0,017 and 0,132 ppm, these results were compared with the International Standard of the European Union number 491 of the year 2014 which established as a maximum permissible value a concentration of 0,05 ppm, which shows 91.6% of the analyzed honeys determined by this regulation making them safe for consumption, however 8.4% of the analyzed honeys not related to it. Finally, with the use of ArcGis software, three cartographic maps were prepared: of the spatial distribution of the beekeeping holdings, of the spatial interpolation of the Imidacloprid variations and the spatial distribution of the farms under study in order to identify the areas with the majority use of this pesticide.
Description
Keywords
Neonicotinoides, Imidacloprid, Miel de abeja