Nivel de conocimiento de las madres que residen en la parroquia de Angochagua sobre vacunación en menores de 2 años
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La vacunación es fundamental para prevenir enfermedades infecciosas en la infancia. En Ecuador, la vacunación infantil enfrenta desafíos importantes a pesar de altos índices de cobertura en algunas vacunas. La presente investigación aborda el problema del conocimiento de las madres sobre la vacunación en la parroquia rural de Angochagua, en el contexto de la adherencia al calendario de inmunización infantil. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento de las madres residentes en esta parroquia sobre la vacunación en menores de 2 años. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se utilizó una encuesta sobre conocimientos vacunales maternos y una lista de cotejo, aplicadas a una muestra representativa de 56 madres con hijos menores de 2 años residentes en Angochagua. Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y de campo, con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la mayoría de las madres en la Parroquia de Angochagua tiene un conocimiento “medio” sobre la vacunación en menores de 2 años (83,9%), existe una comprensión desigual en aspectos clave como el esquema completo de vacunación y las vacunas específicas para ciertas enfermedades. Además, se encontró que el 57,1% de los niños menores de 2 años están al día con sus vacunas, mientras que el 42,9% presenta incumplimientos, con una disminución notable en el grupo de 12 a 24 meses. Concluyendo que, un conocimiento medio sobre vacunación se asocia con una mayor adherencia al esquema de vacunación entre las madres de la parroquia Angochagua.
Vaccination is fundamental to prevent infectious diseases in childhood. In Ecuador, childhood vaccination faces important challenges despite high coverage rates for some vaccines. The present research addresses the problem of mothers' knowledge of vaccination in the rural parish of Angochagua, in the context of adherence to the childhood immunization schedule. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of mothers residing in this parish about vaccination in children under 2 years of age. To carry out the study, a survey on maternal immunization knowledge and a checklist were applied to a representative sample of 56 mothers with children under 2 years of age residing in Angochagua. A quantitative, descriptive and field approach was adopted, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The findings shows that, although the majority of mothers in Angochagua Parish have medium” knowledge of immunization in children under 2 years of age (83.9%), there is an uneven understanding of key aspects such as the complete immunization schedule and specific vaccines for certain diseases. In addition, 57.1% of children under 2 years of age were found to be up to date with their vaccinations, while 42.9% were found to be non-compliant, with a notable decrease in the 12-24 months group. In conclusion, intermediate knowledge about vaccination is associated with greater adherence to the vaccination schedule among mothers in Angochagua parish.
Vaccination is fundamental to prevent infectious diseases in childhood. In Ecuador, childhood vaccination faces important challenges despite high coverage rates for some vaccines. The present research addresses the problem of mothers' knowledge of vaccination in the rural parish of Angochagua, in the context of adherence to the childhood immunization schedule. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of mothers residing in this parish about vaccination in children under 2 years of age. To carry out the study, a survey on maternal immunization knowledge and a checklist were applied to a representative sample of 56 mothers with children under 2 years of age residing in Angochagua. A quantitative, descriptive and field approach was adopted, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The findings shows that, although the majority of mothers in Angochagua Parish have medium” knowledge of immunization in children under 2 years of age (83.9%), there is an uneven understanding of key aspects such as the complete immunization schedule and specific vaccines for certain diseases. In addition, 57.1% of children under 2 years of age were found to be up to date with their vaccinations, while 42.9% were found to be non-compliant, with a notable decrease in the 12-24 months group. In conclusion, intermediate knowledge about vaccination is associated with greater adherence to the vaccination schedule among mothers in Angochagua parish.
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Keywords
Vacunación, Conocimiento vacunal, Esquema nacional de vacunación