Evaluación del efecto del sistema acuapónico en dos variedades de lechuga, francesa (Lactuca sativa) y criolla (Lactuca sativa L.) asociada al cultivo de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.)
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Este estudio investigó la evaluación del efecto del sistema acuapónico en dos variedades de lechuga,francesa (Lactuca sativa) y criolla (Lactuca sativa L.), asociada al cultivo de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.). En donde se abordaron objetivos como, evaluar parámetros agronómicos y determinar la absorción de nutrientes en los estados fenológicos de las dos variedades de lechuga bajo sistema acuapónico, frente a la necesidad de gestionar eficientemente el agua en el área agrícola. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar (DCA) con un arreglo factorial AxB para comparar ambos sistemas de cultivo y variedades. Se midieron variables como peso de masa radicular y aérea, longitud de raíz, número y largo de hojas, niveles de clorofila, y absorción de NPK (Nitrógeno, Fósforo y Potasio). Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey. Los resultados revelaron que, en el sistema acuapónico, la lechuga francesa mostró un mejor rendimiento en comparación con la criolla. La lechuga francesa presentó un peso de masa radicular de 43.99 g y una longitud de raíz de 56.11 cm, superiores a los 25.15 g y 52.82 cm de la criolla. También superó a la criolla en peso de masa aérea (148.58 g frente a 105.15 g), largo de hojas (24.04 cm frente a 20.12 cm) y número de hojas (30.18 frente a 22.30). En términos de absorción de nutrientes, la lechuga francesa absorbió mayores cantidades de NPK bajo el sistema acuapónico y en el sistema hidropónico, la lechuga francesa también mostró mejores resultados en masa aérea (18.55 g frente a 15.28 g) y largo de hojas (18.75 cm frente a 16.32 cm). Sin embargo, la lechuga criolla presentó un mejor desarrollo en masa radicular (5.30 g frente a 4.00 g) y longitud de raíz (9.81 cm frente a 8.50 cm). En cuanto a la concentración de NPK, la lechuga criolla absorbió más nutrientes en el sistema hidropónico. Concluyendo así que la lechuga francesa tuvo un mejor rendimiento general en ambos sistemas, pero la criolla mostró ventajas específicas en el sistema hidropónico en términos de desarrollo radicular.
This study investigated the evaluation of the effects of an aquaponic system on two lettuce varieties, French (Lactuca sativa) and Criolla (Lactuca sativa L.), associated with the cultivation of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The objectives included evaluating agronomic parameters and determining nutrient absorption during the phenological stages of both lettuce varieties under the aquaponic system, in response to the need for efficient water management in agricultural areas. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 2x2 factorial arrangement was used to compare both cultivation systems and varieties. Variables measured included root and shoot mass, root length, leaf number and length, chlorophyll levels, and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) absorption. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results revealed that in the aquaponic system, French lettuce exhibited superior performance compared to Criolla lettuce. French lettuce had a root mass of 43.99 g and a root length of 56.11 cm, which were higher than the 25.15 g and 52.82 cm observed for Criolla. French lettuce also outperformed Criolla in shoot mass (148.58 g vs. 105.15 g), leaf length (24.04 cm vs. 20.12 cm), and leaf number (30.18 vs. 22.30). In terms of nutrient absorption, French lettuce absorbed higher amounts of NPK under the aquaponic system. In the hydroponic system, French lettuce also showed better results in shoot mass (18.55 g vs. 15.28 g) and leaf length (18.75 cm vs. 16.32 cm). However, Criolla lettuce demonstrated better root development in the hydroponic system, with a root mass of 5.30 g compared to 4.00 g and a root length of 9.81 cm compared to 8.50 cm. Regarding NPK concentration, Criolla lettuce absorbed more nutrients in the hydroponic system. Thus, it is concluded that French lettuce achieved better overall performance in both systems, but Criolla lettuce exhibited specific advantages in root development within the hydroponic system.
This study investigated the evaluation of the effects of an aquaponic system on two lettuce varieties, French (Lactuca sativa) and Criolla (Lactuca sativa L.), associated with the cultivation of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The objectives included evaluating agronomic parameters and determining nutrient absorption during the phenological stages of both lettuce varieties under the aquaponic system, in response to the need for efficient water management in agricultural areas. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 2x2 factorial arrangement was used to compare both cultivation systems and varieties. Variables measured included root and shoot mass, root length, leaf number and length, chlorophyll levels, and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) absorption. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results revealed that in the aquaponic system, French lettuce exhibited superior performance compared to Criolla lettuce. French lettuce had a root mass of 43.99 g and a root length of 56.11 cm, which were higher than the 25.15 g and 52.82 cm observed for Criolla. French lettuce also outperformed Criolla in shoot mass (148.58 g vs. 105.15 g), leaf length (24.04 cm vs. 20.12 cm), and leaf number (30.18 vs. 22.30). In terms of nutrient absorption, French lettuce absorbed higher amounts of NPK under the aquaponic system. In the hydroponic system, French lettuce also showed better results in shoot mass (18.55 g vs. 15.28 g) and leaf length (18.75 cm vs. 16.32 cm). However, Criolla lettuce demonstrated better root development in the hydroponic system, with a root mass of 5.30 g compared to 4.00 g and a root length of 9.81 cm compared to 8.50 cm. Regarding NPK concentration, Criolla lettuce absorbed more nutrients in the hydroponic system. Thus, it is concluded that French lettuce achieved better overall performance in both systems, but Criolla lettuce exhibited specific advantages in root development within the hydroponic system.
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Keywords
Rendimiento agronómico, Sistemas acuapónico e hidropónico, Gestión del agua, Variedades de lechuga, Absorción de nutrientes