Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica in vitro de extractos totales de dos especies vegetales Marco y Molle frente a uno de los hongos patógenos causantes de Phytophthora infestans en Tomate Riñón
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Date
2024
Journal Title
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Las plantas son propensas a ser atacadas por diversos microorganismos patógenos, lo que provoca importantes pérdidas tanto económicas como en el rendimiento de los cultivos. En el caso del tomate riñón se ha visto afectada la calidad del producto debido a varias enfermedades, pero la principal y que con mayor frecuencia se presenta se la conoce como tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans) y para poder tratar de solucionar este problema se ha realizado el uso de extractos vegetales, tratando de reemplazar así el uso de fungicidas sintéticos y que a su vez reduzcan la contaminación ambiental y el impacto negativo que estos presentan con el medio ambiente. Este trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de evaluar la actividad antifúngica de extractos vegetales de plantas como Molle (Schinus molle L) y Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Miller) contra un fitopatógeno Phytophthora infestans responsable de causar tizón tardío en el fruto del tomate riñón. Se seleccionó dos especies vegetales mismas que fueron recolectadas en la comuna Zuleta cantón Ibarra provincia de Imbabura, las dos especies vegetales pasaron por un proceso de deshidratación para así poder obtener un extracto total mediante un proceso llamado maceración dinámica y para ello se hizo uso de un solvente llamado metanol a varias concentraciones seriadas que son 500, 250,125 y 62.5 mg/ml con la ayuda de la metodología Kirby-Bauer, realizando la difusión directa en agar sobre el agente fitopatógeno previamente aislado Phytophthora infestans. En la actualidad ya se han evaluado los extractos vegetales para varios cultivos entre estos estudios está el cultivo de tomate riñón. La gran diversidad de plantas en que nos ofrece nuestra biodiversidad es una fuente de compuestos bioactivos para la obtención de potenciales extractos naturales que fortalezcan el control orgánico de las enfermedades en el cultivo de tomate de árbol.
Plants are prone to being attacked by various pathogenic microorganisms, which causes significant losses both economically and in crop yields. In the case of the kidney tomato, the quality of the product has been affected due to several diseases, but the main one that occurs most frequently is known as late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and in order to try to solve this problem, a the use of plant extracts, thus trying to replace the use of synthetic fungicides and in turn reduce environmental pollution and the negative impact that these have on the environment. This research work aims to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extracts from plants such as Molle (Schinus molle L) and Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Miller) against a phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans responsible for causing late blight in the kidney tomato fruit. In which, as a first step, the plant species were collected in the Zuleta commune, Ibarra canton, Imbabura province, the two plant species went through a dehydration process in order to obtain a total extract through a process called dynamic maceration and to This was done using a solvent called methanol at various serial concentrations that are 500, 250,125 and 62.5 mg/ml with the help of the Kirby-Bauer methodology, performing direct diffusion in agar on the previously isolated phytopathogenic agent Phytophthora infestans. Currently, plant extracts have been evaluated for several crops, among these studies is the kidney tomato crop. The great diversity of plants that our biodiversity offers us is a source of bioactive compounds for obtaining potential natural extracts that strengthen the organic control of diseases in tree tomato cultivation.
Plants are prone to being attacked by various pathogenic microorganisms, which causes significant losses both economically and in crop yields. In the case of the kidney tomato, the quality of the product has been affected due to several diseases, but the main one that occurs most frequently is known as late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and in order to try to solve this problem, a the use of plant extracts, thus trying to replace the use of synthetic fungicides and in turn reduce environmental pollution and the negative impact that these have on the environment. This research work aims to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extracts from plants such as Molle (Schinus molle L) and Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Miller) against a phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans responsible for causing late blight in the kidney tomato fruit. In which, as a first step, the plant species were collected in the Zuleta commune, Ibarra canton, Imbabura province, the two plant species went through a dehydration process in order to obtain a total extract through a process called dynamic maceration and to This was done using a solvent called methanol at various serial concentrations that are 500, 250,125 and 62.5 mg/ml with the help of the Kirby-Bauer methodology, performing direct diffusion in agar on the previously isolated phytopathogenic agent Phytophthora infestans. Currently, plant extracts have been evaluated for several crops, among these studies is the kidney tomato crop. The great diversity of plants that our biodiversity offers us is a source of bioactive compounds for obtaining potential natural extracts that strengthen the organic control of diseases in tree tomato cultivation.
Description
Keywords
Phytophthora infestans, Schinus molle l, Ambrosia arborescens miller, Extractos vegetales, Tizón tardío