Estudio del proceso de compostaje de estiércol con restos vegetales provenientes de la Granja Experimental ECAA
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El siguiente trabajo de investigación tuvo lugar en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra en la Granja Experimental ECAA, con el objetivo de evaluar el proceso de compostaje mediante el uso de residuos como materia orgánica que se generan dentro de la granja como estiércol de ovino y bovino con residuos vegetales como tamo de frejol y restos de poda de chilca. Para su evaluación se tomó un muestreo de 150 g de cada uno de los materiales tanto vegetal como animal y se los llevó al laboratorio con el fin de determinar porcentajes de carbono, nitrógeno y relación carbono nitrógeno. El material de partida fue colocado en cajas herméticas de espuma flex de 0.125 m3 de volumen a una proporción de 3 partes de estiércol y 1 parte de vegetales en total fueron 44 kg. Se evaluó diariamente la temperatura dos veces al día. También se midió la humedad dos veces por semana. Los resultados obtenidos se evaluaron mediante el porcentaje de germinación de semillas de avena forrajera (Avena sativa L.), determinación carbono, nitrógeno y la relación carbono – nitrógeno, temperatura y humedad, para lo cual se usó un análisis de varianza y se realizó pruebas de rango múltiple tukey en donde se encontraron significancias estadísticas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que la temperatura en todos los tratamientos llegaron en su fase termófila > a 60 0C dato que indica que el material alcanzo su nivel de higienización eliminando patógenos, semillas de malezas y algunos parásitos presentes en la materia orgánica. De la misma manera los datos obtenidos de C/N se encontraron dentro de los rangos óptimos de 10:1 a 15:1 dato que indica que el compost llego a una fase de maduración adecuada y mostro un material con estabilidad. Así mismo los resultados de humedad resultaron favorables debido a que se encontraban dentro de los rangos establecidos de 40 a 60 % de humedad y finalmente el porcentaje de germinación del T1 (estiércol de ovino + residuos frejol) y T2 (estiércol de ovino + residuos de chilca) fueron los que alcanzaron el 100 % a diferencia del T3 (estiércol de bovino + residuos de chilca) que alcanzo el 88 % y el T4 (estiércol de bovino + residuos de frejol) con el Testigo (suelo) presentaron un porcentaje de germinación de 96 % concluyendo así que el tratamiento T1 y T2 fueron los mejores en el presente estudio.
The following research work took place at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Ibarra Campus in the ECAA Experimental Farm, with the objective of evaluating the composting process through the use of waste as organic matter that is generated within the farm such as sheep and bovine manure with plant residues such as bean chaff and chilca pruning remains. For evaluation, a sample of 150 g of each of the plant and animal materials was taken and taken to the laboratory in order to determine percentages of carbon, nitrogen and carbon-nitrogen ratio. The starting material was placed in airtight flex foam boxes of 0.125 m3 volume at a proportion of 3 parts of manure and 1 part of vegetables. In total, there were 44 kg plus an additional 20 kg for loss of volume and temperature of the composter. Temperature was assessed daily twice a day. Humidity was also measured twice a week. The results obtained were evaluated by the percentage of germination of forage oat seeds (Avena sativa), determination of carbon, nitrogen and the carbon - nitrogen relationship, temperature and humidity, for which an analysis of variance was used and tests of TUKEY multiple range where statistical significances were found. The results obtained were that in temperature all treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 arrived in their thermophilic phase to be greater than 60 0C, data that indicates that the material reached its level of sanitation, eliminating pathogens, weed seeds and some parasites present in organic matter. In the same way, the data obtained from C/N were found within the optimal ranges of 10:1 to 15:1, data that indicates that the compost reached an adequate maturation phase and showed a material with stability. Likewise, the humidity results were favorable because they were within the established ranges of 40 to 60% humidity and finally the germination percentage of T1 (sheep manure + bean residue) and T2 (sheep manure + residue of chilca) were those that reached 100%, unlike T3 (bovine manure + chilca residues) which reached 88% and T4 (bovine manure + bean residues) with the Control (soil) presented a percentage of 96% germination, thus concluding that treatment T1 and T2 were the best in the present study.
The following research work took place at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Ibarra Campus in the ECAA Experimental Farm, with the objective of evaluating the composting process through the use of waste as organic matter that is generated within the farm such as sheep and bovine manure with plant residues such as bean chaff and chilca pruning remains. For evaluation, a sample of 150 g of each of the plant and animal materials was taken and taken to the laboratory in order to determine percentages of carbon, nitrogen and carbon-nitrogen ratio. The starting material was placed in airtight flex foam boxes of 0.125 m3 volume at a proportion of 3 parts of manure and 1 part of vegetables. In total, there were 44 kg plus an additional 20 kg for loss of volume and temperature of the composter. Temperature was assessed daily twice a day. Humidity was also measured twice a week. The results obtained were evaluated by the percentage of germination of forage oat seeds (Avena sativa), determination of carbon, nitrogen and the carbon - nitrogen relationship, temperature and humidity, for which an analysis of variance was used and tests of TUKEY multiple range where statistical significances were found. The results obtained were that in temperature all treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 arrived in their thermophilic phase to be greater than 60 0C, data that indicates that the material reached its level of sanitation, eliminating pathogens, weed seeds and some parasites present in organic matter. In the same way, the data obtained from C/N were found within the optimal ranges of 10:1 to 15:1, data that indicates that the compost reached an adequate maturation phase and showed a material with stability. Likewise, the humidity results were favorable because they were within the established ranges of 40 to 60% humidity and finally the germination percentage of T1 (sheep manure + bean residue) and T2 (sheep manure + residue of chilca) were those that reached 100%, unlike T3 (bovine manure + chilca residues) which reached 88% and T4 (bovine manure + bean residues) with the Control (soil) presented a percentage of 96% germination, thus concluding that treatment T1 and T2 were the best in the present study.
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Keywords
Compost, Materia orgánica, Estiércol, Residuos