Detección del área de invasión del helecho haza Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn mediante el uso de drones por técnicas de fotometría y propuesta de prevención y corrección en los sectores delimitados con maleza en la zona de Intag “Las Delicias”
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La agricultura actual enfrenta varios desafíos, por ejemplo, la creciente proliferación de especies invasoras en los cultivos. Estas pueden mermar cosechas enteras, afectando negativamente la producción y aumentando la necesidad de pesticidas químicos. Además, la agricultura continúa desperdiciando una cantidad considerable de recursos, como agua y productos agrícolas. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, es una especie invasora que plantea desafíos significativos en la agricultura. Este no solo se propaga de manera agresiva, sino que también posee propiedades alelopáticas, es decir sustancias químicas que inhiben el crecimiento de otros vegetales cercanos disminuyendo su productividad, como el Rye grass, que lucha por sobrevivir en su presencia. El control de esta maleza invasora se convierte en una tarea ardua y costosa para los agricultores, que a menudo necesitan recurrir a una variedad de productos químicos y estrategias para intentar mantenerla a raya. La agricultura de precisión emerge como un recurso esencial para abordar desafíos como la presencia invasiva de especies como Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. En este contexto, los drones desempeñan un papel destacado al ofrecer servicios de fumigación y teledetección mediante avanzadas técnicas de fotometría. Estos pueden aplicar herbicidas y otros productos fitosanitarios de manera altamente selectiva y precisa, minimizando así la exposición de los cultivos circundantes y reduciendo la necesidad de utilizar químicos en exceso. Además, la teledetección aérea con drones posibilita la detección temprana de problemas en el cultivo. Llevando a cabo un análisis comparativo entre la agricultura de precisión y la agricultura convencional, con el objetivo de evaluar su rendimiento y precisión, corroborando con la literatura actual sobre el tema. Los resultados teóricos obtenidos hasta el momento apuntan claramente hacia la superioridad de las técnicas de agricultura de precisión. La clave de este logro radica en la aplicación de la técnica de fotometría del Índice de Vegetación por Diferencia Normalizada o (NDVI), que ha permitido determinar con precisión el área invadida por el helecho. Según los datos recopilados en la investigación, hemos observado una reducción significativa del 57,51% en los insumos requeridos en comparación con lo que sería necesario en la agricultura convencional.
Today's agriculture faces several challenges, for example, the increasing proliferation of invasive species in crops. These can deplete entire crops, negatively affecting production and increasing the need for chemical pesticides. In addition, agriculture continues to waste a considerable amount of resources, such as water and agricultural products. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn is an invasive species that poses significant challenges in agriculture. Not only does it spread aggressively, but it also possesses allelopathic properties, chemical substances that inhibit the growth of other nearby plants and decrease their productivity, such as Rye grass, which struggles to survive in its presence. Controlling this invasive weed becomes an arduous and costly task for farmers, who often need to resort to a variety of chemicals and strategies to try to keep it at bay. Precision agriculture emerges as an essential resource to address challenges such as the invasive presence of species like Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. In this context, drones play a prominent role in providing spraying and remote sensing services using advanced photometric techniques. They can apply herbicides and other crop protection products in a highly selective and precise manner, thus minimizing the exposure of surrounding crops and reducing the need for excessive chemical use. In addition, aerial remote sensing with drones enables early detection of crop problems. A comparative analysis between precision agriculture and conventional agriculture was carried out in order to evaluate their performance and precision, corroborating with the current literature on the subject. The theoretical results obtained so far clearly point to the superiority of precision farming techniques. The key to this achievement lies in the application of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) photometry technique, which has made it possible to accurately determine the area invaded by the fern. According to the data collected in the research, we have observed a significant reduction of 57.51% in the inputs required compared to what would be necessary in conventional agriculture.
Today's agriculture faces several challenges, for example, the increasing proliferation of invasive species in crops. These can deplete entire crops, negatively affecting production and increasing the need for chemical pesticides. In addition, agriculture continues to waste a considerable amount of resources, such as water and agricultural products. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn is an invasive species that poses significant challenges in agriculture. Not only does it spread aggressively, but it also possesses allelopathic properties, chemical substances that inhibit the growth of other nearby plants and decrease their productivity, such as Rye grass, which struggles to survive in its presence. Controlling this invasive weed becomes an arduous and costly task for farmers, who often need to resort to a variety of chemicals and strategies to try to keep it at bay. Precision agriculture emerges as an essential resource to address challenges such as the invasive presence of species like Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. In this context, drones play a prominent role in providing spraying and remote sensing services using advanced photometric techniques. They can apply herbicides and other crop protection products in a highly selective and precise manner, thus minimizing the exposure of surrounding crops and reducing the need for excessive chemical use. In addition, aerial remote sensing with drones enables early detection of crop problems. A comparative analysis between precision agriculture and conventional agriculture was carried out in order to evaluate their performance and precision, corroborating with the current literature on the subject. The theoretical results obtained so far clearly point to the superiority of precision farming techniques. The key to this achievement lies in the application of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) photometry technique, which has made it possible to accurately determine the area invaded by the fern. According to the data collected in the research, we have observed a significant reduction of 57.51% in the inputs required compared to what would be necessary in conventional agriculture.
Description
Keywords
Agricultura de precisión, Agricultura sostenible, Fotometría, Pteridium aquilinum (L) kuhn