Evaluación del efecto de la adición del hidrogel en el cultivo de Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum)
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El agotamiento de los recursos hídricos influye en el contenido de agua necesario para satisfacer la demanda de los cultivos. Por ello es necesario tomar medidas o buscar alternativas para contrarrestar esta problemática ya que el agua es el principal factor que limita la producción agrícola en todo el mundo. El tomate es un cultivo que requiere de un riego constante además de ser una de las hortalizas más cultivadas en Ecuador. La evaluación de nuevas técnicas que permitan reducir la aplicación del riego, es un aspecto relevante por estudiar. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de hidrogel en el desarrollo y productividad del cultivo de Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum), mediante la incorporación al suelo de tres diferentes dosis de este polímero. El sitio experimental fue la Granja de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Ambientales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Sede Ibarra. La metodología consistió en aplicar 3 dosis de hidrogel, una dosis baja (5g/planta), media (10g/planta) y una dosis máxima (15g/planta). Para el experimento se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), con 4 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, en total 12 unidades experimentales, 4 plantas por unidad experimental, con una totalidad de 48 plantas. Para el control de contenido de humedad se utilizó tensiómetros colocados en el suelo en la zona radicular, antes y después de la aplicación del riego. Para el cálculo de la lámina de riego se usó un tanque evaporímetro MC del cual se tomaron datos diarios de evapotranspiración del cultivo semanalmente y se usó el Kc del cultivo de referencias establecidos por la FAO. Los beneficios de la práctica se evidenciaron a las variables días a la floración y rendimiento, siendo el T3 el mejor tratamiento (dosis de 15g) que promovió una floración más rápida y mejores valores de productividad. Finalmente, el contenido de humedad fue representativo en T3 (dosis de 15g), donde se evidenciaron que el hidrogel logró retener más humedad antes y después de la aplicación del riego; además que, el hidrogel redujo la aplicación de agua frente al testigo.
The depletion of water resources influences the water content needed to meet crop demand. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures or look for alternatives to counteract this problem, since water is the main factor that limits agricultural production throughout the world. The tomato is a crop that requires constant irrigation as well as being one of the most cultivated vegetables in Ecuador. The evaluation of new techniques that allow reducing the application of irrigation is a relevant aspect to study. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the application of hydrogel on the development and productivity of the kidney tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum), by incorporating three different doses of this polymer into the soil. The experimental site was the Farm of the School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Ibarra Campus. The methodology consisted of applying 3 doses of hydrogel, a low dose (5g/plant), a medium dose (10g/plant) and a maximum dose (15g/plant). For the experiment, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, a total of 12 experimental units, 4 plants per experimental unit, with a total of 48 plants. To control the moisture content, tensiometers placed in the soil in the root zone were used, before and after the application of irrigation. For the calculation of the irrigation sheet, an MC evaporimeter tank was used from which daily evapotranspiration data of the crop were taken weekly and the Kc of the reference crop established by the FAO was used. The benefits of the practice were evident in the variables days to flowering and yield, with T3 being the best treatment (15g dose) that promoted faster flowering and better productivity values. Finally, the moisture content was representative in T3 (15g dose), where it was evident that the hydrogel managed to retain more moisture before and after the application of irrigation; In addition, the hydrogel reduced the application of water compared to the control. The benefits of the practice were evident in the variables days to flowering and yield, with T3 being the best treatment (15g dose) that promoted faster flowering and better productivity values. Finally, the moisture content was representative in T3 (15g dose), where it was evident that the hydrogel managed to retain more moisture before and after the application of irrigation; In addition, the hydrogel reduced the application of water compared to the control. The benefits of the practice were evident in the variables days to flowering and yield, with T3 being the best treatment (15g dose) that promoted faster flowering and better productivity values. Finally, the moisture content was representative in 16 T3 (15g dose), where it was evident that the hydrogel managed to retain more moisture before and after the application of irrigation; In addition, the hydrogel reduced the application of water compared to the control.
The depletion of water resources influences the water content needed to meet crop demand. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures or look for alternatives to counteract this problem, since water is the main factor that limits agricultural production throughout the world. The tomato is a crop that requires constant irrigation as well as being one of the most cultivated vegetables in Ecuador. The evaluation of new techniques that allow reducing the application of irrigation is a relevant aspect to study. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the application of hydrogel on the development and productivity of the kidney tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum), by incorporating three different doses of this polymer into the soil. The experimental site was the Farm of the School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Ibarra Campus. The methodology consisted of applying 3 doses of hydrogel, a low dose (5g/plant), a medium dose (10g/plant) and a maximum dose (15g/plant). For the experiment, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, a total of 12 experimental units, 4 plants per experimental unit, with a total of 48 plants. To control the moisture content, tensiometers placed in the soil in the root zone were used, before and after the application of irrigation. For the calculation of the irrigation sheet, an MC evaporimeter tank was used from which daily evapotranspiration data of the crop were taken weekly and the Kc of the reference crop established by the FAO was used. The benefits of the practice were evident in the variables days to flowering and yield, with T3 being the best treatment (15g dose) that promoted faster flowering and better productivity values. Finally, the moisture content was representative in T3 (15g dose), where it was evident that the hydrogel managed to retain more moisture before and after the application of irrigation; In addition, the hydrogel reduced the application of water compared to the control. The benefits of the practice were evident in the variables days to flowering and yield, with T3 being the best treatment (15g dose) that promoted faster flowering and better productivity values. Finally, the moisture content was representative in T3 (15g dose), where it was evident that the hydrogel managed to retain more moisture before and after the application of irrigation; In addition, the hydrogel reduced the application of water compared to the control. The benefits of the practice were evident in the variables days to flowering and yield, with T3 being the best treatment (15g dose) that promoted faster flowering and better productivity values. Finally, the moisture content was representative in 16 T3 (15g dose), where it was evident that the hydrogel managed to retain more moisture before and after the application of irrigation; In addition, the hydrogel reduced the application of water compared to the control.
Description
Keywords
Solanum lycopersicum, Dosis de hidrogel, Contenido de humedad, Lámina de riego, Rendimiento