Evaluación del impacto socio ambiental de la interacción gente-oso andino (tremarctos ornatus) en la parroquia Chugá, cantón Pimampiro
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Se evaluaron los conflictos producidos por la interacción gente - oso andino en la parroquia Chugá, provincia de Imbabura para construir estrategias de conservación con un enfoque participativo. La información de campo se levantó con encuestas a los pobladores y la georreferenciación de los sitios donde se ha registrado avistamiento de osos, ataques al ganado o daños a cultivos. Se realizó un análisis multitemporal de la cobertura vegetal de los periodos 1991, 2001, 2010 y 2017, y se modeló el hábitat natural del oso utilizando 5 variables bioclimáticas: altura, precipitación, temperatura, zonas de vida y cobertura vegetal. Además, se analizó la zona de conflicto usando información de uso de suelo y los registros de intervención del oso. Las encuestas confirmaron 11 ataques al ganado vacuno, en las comunidades Pan de Azúcar y Palmar Chico en los últimos 5 años, constatando que el conflicto existente es de baja intensidad. El análisis de cobertura vegetal mostró que el bosque natural se vio reducido, mientras que los cultivos y pastos aumentaron. El modelamiento del hábitat natural del oso demostró que el 15,53% del territorio de la parroquia es apto para su presencia. Para evitar conflicto con las actividades agropecuarias del sector se plantea la implementación de proyectos ganaderos sustentables, talleres de capacitación sobre el comportamiento del oso y educación ambiental que ayudarán a fortalecer la convivencia entre el ser humano y el oso andino.
The conflicts produced by the Andean bear - people interaction in the Chugá parish, Imbabura province, were evaluated and conservation strategies were constructed through participatory approaches. The field information was collected with surveys of the villagers and the georeferenciation of the sites where bears have been seen, attacks on livestock or damage to crops. A multitemporal analysis of the vegetation cover of the periods 1991, 2001, 2010 and 2017 was carried out, and the natural habitat of the bear was modeled using 5 bioclimatic variables: height, precipitation, temperature, life zones and vegetation cover. Conflict zones were determined with information on land use and bear intervention records. The surveys confirmed 11 attacks on cattle in the Pan de Azúcar and Palmar Chico communities in the last 5 years, confirming that the existing conflict is of low intensity. The plant cover analysis showed that the natural forest was reduced, while the crops and pastures increased. The modeling of the natural habitat of the bear showed that 15.53% of the territory of the parish is suitable for distribution. To avoid conflict with the farming activities of the sector, the implementation of sustainable livestock projects, training workshops on bear behavior and environmental education will be proposed that will help to strengthen the coexistence between the human being and the Andean bear.
The conflicts produced by the Andean bear - people interaction in the Chugá parish, Imbabura province, were evaluated and conservation strategies were constructed through participatory approaches. The field information was collected with surveys of the villagers and the georeferenciation of the sites where bears have been seen, attacks on livestock or damage to crops. A multitemporal analysis of the vegetation cover of the periods 1991, 2001, 2010 and 2017 was carried out, and the natural habitat of the bear was modeled using 5 bioclimatic variables: height, precipitation, temperature, life zones and vegetation cover. Conflict zones were determined with information on land use and bear intervention records. The surveys confirmed 11 attacks on cattle in the Pan de Azúcar and Palmar Chico communities in the last 5 years, confirming that the existing conflict is of low intensity. The plant cover analysis showed that the natural forest was reduced, while the crops and pastures increased. The modeling of the natural habitat of the bear showed that 15.53% of the territory of the parish is suitable for distribution. To avoid conflict with the farming activities of the sector, the implementation of sustainable livestock projects, training workshops on bear behavior and environmental education will be proposed that will help to strengthen the coexistence between the human being and the Andean bear.
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Keywords
Agropecuaria, Antrópico, Coexistencia