Evaluación del valor de importancia de especies de pajonal de los géneros Stipa y Calamagrostis con respecto a la captura de carbono en el área afectada por incendios forestales en el Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas, cantón Cotacachi
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Se evaluó el valor de importancia de las especies de pajonal Stipa ichu, Calamagrostis intermedia y Agrostis sp, en cuanto a la capacidad de captura de carbono en las áreas afectadas por incendios forestales del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas (PNCC), para establecer estrategias de conservación con un enfoque participativo. La información de campo se levantó realizando la georreferenciación de las áreas con alteración ecológica por incendios forestales, mediante un mapa de cobertura vegetal, obteniendo los puntos de muestreo del páramo herbáceo. Se realizó también una Evaluación Ecológica Rápida (EER) de los lugares intervenidos por incendios forestales, más un área sin alteración o testigo, en ellos se hizo una caracterización florística mediante el método de área mínima, seguido se identificó las especies de pajonal y se colectó para calcular el carbono acumulado, luego se efectuó la interpretación de los mismos mediante la aplicación de varias fórmulas cómo; cálculo de humedad, cálculo de biomasa y carbono acumulado, posteriormente se planteó una propuesta de conservación del páramo del PNCC mediante la elaboración de estrategias. Obteniendo como resultado, que la especie Agrostis sp al ser una especie pionera se determina como indicador ambiental de la primera etapa de regeneración natural, por lo que desaparece cuando el ecosistema empieza a madurar y se mantienen especies como Stipa ichu y Calamagrostis intermedia, de ellas la que presenta mayor contenido de carbono es Stipa ichu, estableciéndose como la mejor especie de fijación de carbono, además mediante la línea de tiempo establecida se demuestra que el pajonal que sufrió un disturbio ocasionado por incendios forestales a los 4 años alcanzan el 90,68% de fijación de carbono, sin embargo, en dicho disturbio se pueden perder otras especies nativas de este ecosistema y ser remplazadas por especies exóticas, debido a ello la presente investigación plantea una propuesta de conservación enfocada en la recuperación de las especies de pajonal y servicios ecosistémicos que ofrecen los páramos.
The importance value of the Stipa ichu, Calamagrostis intermedia and Agrostis sp grassland species was evaluated in terms of the carbon capture capacity in the areas affected by forest fires of the Cotacachi Cayapas National Park (PNCC), was evaluated to establish conservation strategies with a participatory approach. The field information was collected by georeferencing the areas with ecological alteration, using a vegetation cover map, obtaining the sampling points of the herbaceous paramo. A Rapid Ecological Evaluation (EER) of the places intervened by forest fires was also carried out, plus an area without alteration or control, in them a floristic characterization was made using the minimum area method, followed by the species of pajonal and collected to calculate the accumulated carbon, then the interpretation of the same was carried out by applying various formulas such as; calculation of humidity, calculation of biomass and accumulated carbon, subsequently a proposal for the conservation of the paramo of the PNCC was proposed through the elaboration of strategies. Obtaining as a result, that the Agrostis sp species, being a pioneer species, is determined as an environmental indicator of initial regeneration of the grassland, so it disappears when the ecosystem begins to mature and species such as Stipa ichu and Calamagrostis intermedia remain, of which the has the highest carbon content is Stipa ichu, establishing itself as the best carbon fixation species, in addition, through the established time line it is shown that the pajonal that suffered a disturbance caused by forest fires at 4 years reached 90.68% of carbon fixation, however, in said disturbance other native species of this ecosystem can be lost and be replaced by exotic species, due to his the present research raises a conservation proposal focused on the recovery of the grassland species and ecosystem services offered by the paramos.
The importance value of the Stipa ichu, Calamagrostis intermedia and Agrostis sp grassland species was evaluated in terms of the carbon capture capacity in the areas affected by forest fires of the Cotacachi Cayapas National Park (PNCC), was evaluated to establish conservation strategies with a participatory approach. The field information was collected by georeferencing the areas with ecological alteration, using a vegetation cover map, obtaining the sampling points of the herbaceous paramo. A Rapid Ecological Evaluation (EER) of the places intervened by forest fires was also carried out, plus an area without alteration or control, in them a floristic characterization was made using the minimum area method, followed by the species of pajonal and collected to calculate the accumulated carbon, then the interpretation of the same was carried out by applying various formulas such as; calculation of humidity, calculation of biomass and accumulated carbon, subsequently a proposal for the conservation of the paramo of the PNCC was proposed through the elaboration of strategies. Obtaining as a result, that the Agrostis sp species, being a pioneer species, is determined as an environmental indicator of initial regeneration of the grassland, so it disappears when the ecosystem begins to mature and species such as Stipa ichu and Calamagrostis intermedia remain, of which the has the highest carbon content is Stipa ichu, establishing itself as the best carbon fixation species, in addition, through the established time line it is shown that the pajonal that suffered a disturbance caused by forest fires at 4 years reached 90.68% of carbon fixation, however, in said disturbance other native species of this ecosystem can be lost and be replaced by exotic species, due to his the present research raises a conservation proposal focused on the recovery of the grassland species and ecosystem services offered by the paramos.
Description
Keywords
Páramo, Incendios forestales, Carbon, Pajonal