Evaluación de la capacidad de biorremediación de la especie Scenedesmus sp. y Chlorella sp. mediante la construcción de un sistema de biodiscos para el tratamiento de aguas residuales del Río el Tejar
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de evaluar la capacidad de biorremediación de la especie Scenedesmus sp. y Chlorella sp. para el tratamiento de aguas residuales del Río el Tejar mediante la construcción de un sistema de biodiscos. El estudio se inició con la producción de dos tipos de microalgas y a su vez se construyó el sistema de biodiscos de acuerdo a los parámetros establecidos para el funcionamiento a nivel laboratorio, siendo uno de ellos la utilización de tres tipos de texturas donde se formaría la biopelícula de microalgas. El fundamento de este sistema es el uso de un reactor rotativo y la biopelícula.
Una vez, obtenida la biomasa de microalgas y el sistema de biodiscos, se procedió con la formación de la biopelícula colocando las dos especies en las diferentes texturas y en cada unidad experimental; siendo la concentración de Chlorella sp. 3,74x10⁶ cel. ml y de Scenedesmus sp. 3,81x10⁶ cel. ml. Este proceso tuvo la duración de siete días, debido a que este periodo corresponde al promedio del tiempo en el cual las microalgas se adhieren y se reproducen en los discos. Una vez formada la biopelícula se retiró la biomasa de microalgas restante de los reactores para ser remplazada por el agua a tratar, manteniendo dicho proceso por otros siete días más. Se evaluaron los parámetros físico-químicos y conteos tanto del agua residual como del cultivo de microalgas cada 48 horas determinando mediante un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y la prueba Tukey (p<0,05) que estadísticamente este tipo de tratamientos con estos sistemas son muy factibles para la reducción de DQO y DBO, considerando que en los dos tipo de microalgas con la textura de fieltro con mezcla de lana (T2) tuvo mayor crecimiento celular y mayor depuración, consiguiendo una reducción del 81% en DQO con Chlorella sp. pasando de 9890 mg/l a 1860 mg/l y el 74% con Scenedesmus sp. finalizando 2566 mg/l sin embargo este parámetro no está dentro del límite permisible mientras que en DBO inició con 178 mg/l y se redujo el 71% en la especie Chlorella sp. y 65% en Scenedesmus sp. concluyendo con valores de 51 mg/l y 63 mg/l respectivamente, además la conductividad eléctrica disminuyo de 1161 μS.cmˉ¹ a 609,3 con la especie Chlorella sp. y a 516 μS.cmˉ¹ con la especie Scenedesmus sp. dejando estos dos últimos parámetros dentro de los límites permisibles.
The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the bioremediation capacity of the species Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. for the treatment of residual waters of the River El Tejar by means of the construction of a system of biodiscs. The study started with the production of two types of microalgae and at the same time the biodiscs system was constructed according to the parameters established for the operation at laboratory level, being one of them the use of three types of textures where the microalgae biofilm would be formed. The foundation of this system is the use of a rotating reactor and biofilm. Once the microalgae biomass and the biodisc system were obtained, the biofilm was formed, placing the two species in the different textures and in each experimental unit; being the concentration of Chlorella sp. 3,74x10⁶ cel. ml and Scenedesmus sp. 3,81x10⁶ cel. mlˉ¹. This process lasted seven days, because this period corresponds to the average time in which the microalgae adhere and reproduce on the discs. Once the biofilm was formed, the remaining microalgae biomass was removed from the reactors to be replaced by the water to be treated, maintaining this process for another seven days. The physical-chemical parameters and counts of both wastewater and microalgae culture were evaluated every 48 hours, determining by means of a random complete block design with three repetitions and the tukey test (p<0.05) that statistically this type of treatment with these systems are very feasible for the reduction of COD and BOD, considering that in the two types of microalgae with the texture of felt with wool mixture (T2) had greater cell growth and purification, achieving a reduction of 72% in COD with Chlorella sp. going from 9890 mg/l to 1860 mg/l and 65% with Scenedesmus sp. finishing 2566 mg/l nevertheless this parameter is not within the permissible limit whereas in BOD it started with 178 mg/l and 82% was reduced in the species Chlorella sp. and 75% in Scenedesmus sp. concluding with values of 51 mg/l and 63 mg/l respectively, in addition the electrical conductivity decreased from 1161 μS.cmˉ¹ to 609,3 with the species Chlorella sp. and to 516 μS.cmˉ¹ with the species Scenedesmus sp. leaving these two last parameters within the permissible limits.
The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the bioremediation capacity of the species Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. for the treatment of residual waters of the River El Tejar by means of the construction of a system of biodiscs. The study started with the production of two types of microalgae and at the same time the biodiscs system was constructed according to the parameters established for the operation at laboratory level, being one of them the use of three types of textures where the microalgae biofilm would be formed. The foundation of this system is the use of a rotating reactor and biofilm. Once the microalgae biomass and the biodisc system were obtained, the biofilm was formed, placing the two species in the different textures and in each experimental unit; being the concentration of Chlorella sp. 3,74x10⁶ cel. ml and Scenedesmus sp. 3,81x10⁶ cel. mlˉ¹. This process lasted seven days, because this period corresponds to the average time in which the microalgae adhere and reproduce on the discs. Once the biofilm was formed, the remaining microalgae biomass was removed from the reactors to be replaced by the water to be treated, maintaining this process for another seven days. The physical-chemical parameters and counts of both wastewater and microalgae culture were evaluated every 48 hours, determining by means of a random complete block design with three repetitions and the tukey test (p<0.05) that statistically this type of treatment with these systems are very feasible for the reduction of COD and BOD, considering that in the two types of microalgae with the texture of felt with wool mixture (T2) had greater cell growth and purification, achieving a reduction of 72% in COD with Chlorella sp. going from 9890 mg/l to 1860 mg/l and 65% with Scenedesmus sp. finishing 2566 mg/l nevertheless this parameter is not within the permissible limit whereas in BOD it started with 178 mg/l and 82% was reduced in the species Chlorella sp. and 75% in Scenedesmus sp. concluding with values of 51 mg/l and 63 mg/l respectively, in addition the electrical conductivity decreased from 1161 μS.cmˉ¹ to 609,3 with the species Chlorella sp. and to 516 μS.cmˉ¹ with the species Scenedesmus sp. leaving these two last parameters within the permissible limits.
Description
Keywords
Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Biorremediación, Biodiscos