Memorias en congresos
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Item Metadata only Breaking students’ comfort zone: learning from community members, a strategy within the AEC educationVillacís Tapia, Enrique VinicioIn order to address pressing issues such as climate change, energy crises, and economic disparity, it is pertinent to include local community members within AEC education. In this paper, we explore how breaking the comfort zone of students can facilitate a broader perspective on sustainability. This new perspective can cultivate innovative and creative solutions to 21 st century problems. This paper documents the experience and impacts of student participation in an education abroad program focused on sustainable buildings and infrastructure. The program took place in January 2019 in Costa Rica with the collaboration of Colorado State University (USA) and EARTH University (Costa Rica). In this program, students directly communicate with low-income community members who worked with a local developer during the construction of a new neighboring building. Qualitative interviews with students, as well as ethnographic observations of class discussions, illustrates that this partnership helped students see a new perspective on how to deal with the life cycle of construction projects. The preliminary results indicate that the collaboration between the community members and the developer was a key component of expanding students’ perspectives. This research illustrates the importance of building community collaborations that are mutually beneficial in the classroom and beyond. In particular, the results suggest that educational experiences which integrate community concerns into solutions are key to expanding students’ worldviews.Item Metadata only Contaminación del aire a filo de calle, caso estudio PUCE sede QuitoChuquer Sola, David SebastiánAir pollution on street level in one of high traffic zones of the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) was studied between March 16 and 22 of 2018 by monitoring gases and particulate matter (PM) with continuous analyzers. During the monitoring period, there were no violations of the air quality environmental regulations; however, the carbon monoxide values obtained in this study were higher than those registered in the DMQ Environment Secretariat’s regional monitoring stations. Time series analysis allowed to understand trends and behaviors of pollutants concentration throughout the day, as well as correlated associating parameters, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide and PM which behaviors were influenced by the atmospheric conditions and DMQ anthropogenic activity. Additionally, indoors air PM concentration was determined to be higher than outdoors’s, but with similar tendency. Statistical analysis showed correlated parameters groups such as secondary pollutants, temperature and humidity that represented the most influential component. Pollutants concentration depend on day time as well as associated meteorological factors like humidity and temperature, demonstrating that DMQ pollution at street level was a unique study case to understand air pollution in high altitude cities.Item Metadata only Prevalence of lymphocyte alteration and exposure to low let radiationGea Izquierdo, EnriqueWith over 1,100 scientists, technologists, policymakers, diplomats, academics, students, journalists and others from nearly 100 countries, the CTBT: Science and Technology 2019 Conference (SnT2019), held at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna from 24-28 June 2019, was the largest of its kind to date. SnT2019 was the fifth in the flagship series of biennial, multidisciplinary conferences, designed to further reinforce the strong relationship between the scientific and technological community and the CTBTO. As well as the core technical agenda of presentations, discussions and a scientific poster competition, SnT2019 included a strong element of youth engagement. The conference also featured a number of brand new elements, including round-table discussions in Spanish and French and a special evening panel session on Women in Science and Technology. Other highlights included discussions on the challenges of communicating science to wider audiences, on artificial intelligence, and on how CTBT data can contribute to civil applications such as studying climate change and mitigating disaster risks.Item Metadata only Sag es auf deutsch forderung akademischer fachsprachen des desutschen in EcuadorMarcos Nickol, AnnaÜber den Status des Deutschen als Wissenschaftssprache in der Welt – und vor allen Dingen über seinen damit verbundenen Bedeutungsverlust – ist viel geschrieben worden. Besonders hervorzuheben ist das umfassende 2015 erschienene Überblickswerk von Ulrich Ammon Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt (Ammon, 2015), das sich freilich nicht nur auf das Deutsche als Wissenschaftssprache, sondern auf das Deutsche im Allgemeinen bezieht.Item Metadata only Pinhole imaging standard method in the determination of the focal spot of an X-ray tube for the evaluation of quality of radiographic images of welded jointsCely Vélez, Bolívar MauricioThis paper presents the procedure to determine the size of the focal spot of an X-ray tube in order to evaluate the quality of radiographic images of welded joints. This paper collects important data of studies related to this project, also it takes into account fundamental aspects of international standards related to Non-Destructive Testing and how to determine the focal spot size of an industrial radiography tube. The “Pinhole Imaging” method allows to determine the real size of the focal spot of X-ray tubes on a radiographic film. The method development is disclosed, data collection and statistical processing are described. An experimental statistical analysis was applied to 70 radiographic tests to measure the focal spot of each one. With the results of focal spot sizes obtained it was possible to calculate the geometric unsharpness in welded specimens, later to know the value of the relative error between the reference value of the theoretical focal spot and the experimental focal spot.Item Metadata only How the rigthsof nature are reframing human rights strategic litigationGarcía Alarcón, Ruth ElizabethThe Global Environmental Justice Conference at the Yale School of the Environment will focus on a just green recovery. As we emerge from the pandemic into the reality of climate disruption, it is clear that restarting the economy cannot mean a return to the status quo. Instead, leaders in government and policy, NGO’s, universities, the private sector, and grassroots coalitions have a pronounced opportunity to rethink how we live. Domestically and internationally, justice will be at the center of investments in the recovery, and this conference will investigate theories of change in energy and food justice. How do we get from the problems we diagnose to the solutions? How do those solutions address the real economic and physical challenges while keeping justice at the center?Item Metadata only Monitoring global change impacts on high andean ecosystems in EcuadorMuriel Mera, Erika PriscillaIn High-Andean ecosystems Climate Change (CC) adds up to the human activities that threat their rich biodiversity. It is expected that by 2049, CC will decrease páramo cover in 30%, and it will cause alteration in seasonal patterns, in temperature means and will increase the frequency of extreme climatic events. Tese factors will afect biodiversity, causing changes on species distributions, and thus changes on the structure and composition of communities. Terefore, we need to understand the individual biology of each species and their response to environmental changes in order to evaluate their vulnerability to CC. Tis project is part of a long-term global monitoring initiative that aims at understanding CC efects on high-mountain ecosystems. We have surveyed vegetation changes and soil temperature, on control plots and on units subject to experimental passive warming using Open Top Chambers (OTC) for fve years, at 4850 m.o.s.l. Tere was a higher species turnover and species cover change inside the units with OTC than on the control plots. Additionally, these units showed a higher productivity than the ones not subjected to experimental warming. Tese fndings support the predicted behavior of high-mountain ecosystems to CC.Item Open Access 
Item Metadata only Pertinence of social inclusion design methods in communitiesVillacís Tapia, Enrique VinicioA specific approach to social inclusion method for the design process in a community, even if tested, does not assure the effectiveness within time and different future projects. This paper is based on a case study of three different design processes taken place on the rural community of San Jose de Olaes - Ecuador, dealing with the importance of participation. After having a successful process with the participatory design of one specific need, we were not able to apply this participatory design process in other projects to come, because of different circumstances based on time, product and especially common interest. We will illustrate this process and how there is no recipes in the inclusive design process not even within the same community and almost the same period of time.Item Metadata only Logro educativo en Guatemala después del terremoto de 1976Hermida Bermeo, Priscila MaríaThis paper provides causal evidence of the long-term consequences of the earthquake that hit Guatemala in 1976 on the educational attainment of Guatemalan children. I combine a unique Department-level dataset on the percentage of schools destroyed, and the percentage of people made homeless by the disaster, with individual survey data from the 2000 National Living Conditions Survey (ENCOVI). The identification strategy exploits the plausibly exogenous Department-by- cohort variation in the intensity of destruction asa unique quasi-experiment. The findings suggest significant, long-lasting detrimental effects on human capital outcomes of individuals who were in early childhood, or of school-going age in 1976. Thesechildren have fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood.Item Metadata only Molecular characterization of extended Spectrum β-lactamase GES-type in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Quito 2016Villacís Acuña, José EduardoPseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent opportunistic pathogens in health care-associated infections. Its high level of intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and great capacity for acquire new resistances, determines a major difficult to establish an opportune treatment. ESBLs GES-type have a diverse hydrolytic activity mediated by their 33 variants reported worldwide, 12 with carbapenemase activity. Moreover, 55 strains were provided from the National Institute for Public Health Research. Bacterial identification was performed by biochemical tests and automated system Vitek 2. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration by automated system Vitek 2 against the antibiotics recommended by the CLSI (2017). The phenotypic detection of ESBL GES-type was identified by the double disk synergy test between ceftazidime and imipenem. On the other hand, the molecular analyses consisted in the amplification of the blaGES gene by endpoint PCR and Sanger type sequencing in Macrogen Korea. The majority of isolates came mainly from ICU with 21%, adult and male population with 99% and 65% respectively. The most frequent sample was secretion with 62%. Moreover, high resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems with a phenotypic MDR/XDR pattern was found. The double disc synergy test between ceftazidime and imipenem identified 52/54 positive strains for the blaGES gene by PCR. Two variants of the blaGES gene were determined in 18 strains analyzed, 17 belonging to the variant blaGES-26 and 1 to the variant blaGES-5.The blaGES-5 and blaGES-26 are the first report of these variants in Ecuador. Thus place Pseudomonasaeruginosaas an emerging threat capable of generate outbreaks in different health centers of Quito.Item Metadata only The Use of Wikipedia as a Tool for LearningFigueroa Pico, Maritza Guadalupe; Posso Paz y Miño, María CristinaThis paper explores the main effects of implementing the use of Wikipedia as tool to promote collaborative learning and enhance learning of English as a second language. During the 2016 fall semester, a pilot project was implemented at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador- Quito campus with the support of Ecuadorian Wikipedia volunteers and a member of the Wikimedia Foundation. The project was carried out with 53 LEAI (School of Multilingual Studies of International Business and Relations) students. Initially, 6 students enrolled in a 3rd year course dedicated to Cross Cultural Communication had to deliver their partial exams solely on Wikipedia as part of their course curriculum. Soon after, 47 freshmen participated in a content-related activity by writing an article about influential Ecuadorian women as part of their English for International Affairs and Oral and Listening Skills classes and to upload it on Wikipedia. Results show that students who participated in these projects improved their team- working abilities, as well as their foreign language skills while contributing to increase and develop content in the open-access encyclopedia. Nevertheless, research should further examine the impact of Wiki-projects on larger populations and different classroom settings.Item Metadata only Beyond Petroleum: A Study of the Potential Impacts from the Introduction of Electric Cars In EcuadorDavis Michael, Joseph MaksPrivate cars are turning electric the world over. Additionally, Ecuador stands to benefit by moving away from fossil fuels to electric transport. Transport makes up 46% of the national annual energy demand, the fuel for which needs to be mostly imported into the country, and is then subsidized by the government (3.883 million USD representing 3.94% GDP in 2012). This paper sets out to quantify the potential electricity demand that would be generated from a mass conversion to electric cars, with a particular look at the country’s three main cities. Wind and solar power are then compared with the hydropower potential to meet this demand. It is found that wind and solar are competitive with hydropower, but where large spaces would be required. Additionally, decentralized solar photovoltaic power could meet the electricity demands created from electric cars in Quito for example, if under 30% of available roof space in the city could be harnessed to this effect. Further work is needed in looking at how best to balance intermittent renewable energies with a variable electric transport demand. Overall, electrified vehicles entail big changes in the energy sector, and where the need to reduce cars should not be forgotten.Item Metadata only Retos pedagógicos en la educación inclusiva universitariaFruto Pla, Alejandro ErnestoLas crecientes necesidades sociales planteadas a la Educación Superior, desde la inclusión educativa y social busca la transformación de espacios de supervivencia a lugares de convivencias socioeducativos, intentando generar condiciones de vida con mayor adaptación y aceptación, que determinan ritmos formativos que no pueden ser enfrentados de forma tradicional. El objetivo se encamina a la reflexión de los docentes para la conducción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde la educación inclusiva a partir de los problemas actuales de la Pedagogía, utilizamos los métodos histórico lógicos para el análisis tendencial que ha marcado el desarrollo en la pedagogía y la didáctica en la educación superior, conclusiones, ante la necesaria ampliación de las posibilidades de inclusión educativa y social es necesario desarrollar presupuestos teóricos que expliquen, comprendan y faciliten el aprendizaje. Toda propuesta de formación pedagógica, debe estar dirigida a elevar la calidad de la educación superior en correspondencia a las demandas actuales de la sociedad y sus nuevos conceptos de desarrollo inclusivo, por lo que deben concebirse los modelos de formación pedagógica como un proceso amplio, continuo, integrador, holístico por etapas.Item Metadata only La subjetividad del exiliado en A noventa millas solamente, de Eugenia ViteriCarbajal García, Sandra ElizabethA noventa millas solamente, de Eugenia Viteri, trata sobre la experiencia del exilio abordada desde la perspectiva del extranjero. En el artículo se afronta esta problemática a partir de la reflexión que hace Sigmund Freud sobre la patología de la melancolía y de los planteamientos de Julia Kristeva, en Extranjeros para nosotros mismos, que pone en pugna la noción de la identidad en confrontación con el otro, con las otras identidades. Para esto, se presenta, en primera instancia, la fi gura de Eugenia Viteri en el contexto literario ecuatoriano, posteriormente se hace una reseña de la obra para, finalmente, confrontar el tema de la pérdida, el duelo y la melancolía desde la subjetividad de los diversos personajes que viven la experiencia del exilio. La subjetividad del exiliado cobra relevancia en el contexto sociopolítico de hoy cuando temas como la inmigración, los desplazamientos humanos y la experiencia de los refugiados revelan las grietas de un sistema, de una sociedad y de un mundo que parece derrumbarse frente a nuestros ojos.