Evaluación de los impactos que ejercen las plantaciones de especies forestales introducidas de pinos (Pinus patula y Pinus radiata) en los ecosistemas de páramo del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas- provincia de Imbabura.
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
En el ecosistema páramo se encuentran diferentes formas de vida como flora, fauna y poblaciones humanas con sistemas culturales que contribuyen a enriquecer la biodiversidad global, en el Ecuador se tiene registrado 12.500 hectáreas de páramos las cuales están en peligro o amenazadas por varios factores que inciden en su conservación, uno de ellos es la introducción de especies forestales en estas zonas especialmente cuando se desconoce de las características de las especies forestales exóticas a introducir en los planes de reforestación. Como es el caso del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas la cual presenta un área total de 44,27 ha de plantación de pino (Pinus patula y Pinus radiata) con una edad de plantación de 25 años, que se encuentran ubicadas en la Comunidad de Morochos, parroquia San Francisco del cantón Cotacachi de la provincia de Imbabura. Ha generado la disminución del caudal del agua para consumo humano y la pérdida de la biodiversidad como también se ha generado problemas de riesgos de incendios persistentes como el causado en el año 2015, lo cual pone en riesgo a la flora y fauna del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas. Por tal motivo se realizó la Investigación sobre el estudio de la caracterización física y química de los suelos para posteriormente el MAE junto con la comunidad de Morochos puedan plantear alternativas técnicas y jurídicas que permitan la radicación de esta plantación constituida por pino (Pinus radiata y Pinus patula) y así poder cumplir con los requerimientos establecidos en el Código Orgánico del Ambiente. Se realizó el estudio físico- químico del suelo de la zona en estudio, donde se pudo evidenciar y comparar un suelo de un ecosistema páramo con un suelo reforestado con especies exóticas observándose un pH ácido a medida que se incrementa la profundidad del suelo, además los valores de macronutrientes como N, P y K son relativamente menores con un valor de 0,48%, 6,9 mg/l, 32 mg/l respectivamente, en comparación a un suelo de ecosistema páramo, al igual que la materia orgánica y el contenido de carbono. Se pudo manifestar que luego del análisis de caracterización físico-química de los suelos de la plantación forestal exótica de pinos afecta directamente a la estructura del suelo del ecosistema páramo.
In the páramo ecosystem there are different forms of life such as flora, fauna and human populations with cultural systems that contribute to enrich global biodiversity, in Ecuador there are 12,500 hectares of páramos registered which are in danger or threatened by various factors that influence In their conservation, one of them is the introduction of forest species in these areas, especially when the characteristics of the exotic forest species to be introduced in reforestation plans are unknown. As is the case of the Cotacachi Cayapas National Park, which has a total area of 44.27 ha of pine plantations (Pinus patula and Pinus radiata) with a plantation age of 25 years, which are located in the Community of Morochos, San Francisco parish of the Cotacachi canton of the province of Imbabura. It has generated a decrease in the flow of water for human consumption and the loss of biodiversity as well as problems of persistent fire risks such as the one caused in 2015, which puts the flora and fauna of the Cotacachi National Park at risk. Cayapas For this reason, the investigation was carried out on the study of the physical and chemical characterization of the soils so that later the MAE together with the Morochos community could propose technical and legal alternatives that allow the establishment of this plantation constituted by pine (Pinus radiata and Pinus patula) and thus be able to comply with the requirements established in the Organic Code of the Environment. The physicochemical study of the soil in the study area was carried out, where it was possible to demonstrate and compare a soil from a páramo ecosystem with a soil reforested with exotic species, observing an acid pH as the depth of the soil increases, in addition to the Macronutrient values such as N, P and K are relatively lower with a value of 0.48%, 6.9 mg / l, 32 mg / l respectively, compared to a páramo ecosystem soil, as well as organic matter and the carbon content. It could be stated that after the analysis of the physical chemical characterization of the soils of the exotic forest plantation of pines, it directly affects the soil structure of the páramo ecosystem.
In the páramo ecosystem there are different forms of life such as flora, fauna and human populations with cultural systems that contribute to enrich global biodiversity, in Ecuador there are 12,500 hectares of páramos registered which are in danger or threatened by various factors that influence In their conservation, one of them is the introduction of forest species in these areas, especially when the characteristics of the exotic forest species to be introduced in reforestation plans are unknown. As is the case of the Cotacachi Cayapas National Park, which has a total area of 44.27 ha of pine plantations (Pinus patula and Pinus radiata) with a plantation age of 25 years, which are located in the Community of Morochos, San Francisco parish of the Cotacachi canton of the province of Imbabura. It has generated a decrease in the flow of water for human consumption and the loss of biodiversity as well as problems of persistent fire risks such as the one caused in 2015, which puts the flora and fauna of the Cotacachi National Park at risk. Cayapas For this reason, the investigation was carried out on the study of the physical and chemical characterization of the soils so that later the MAE together with the Morochos community could propose technical and legal alternatives that allow the establishment of this plantation constituted by pine (Pinus radiata and Pinus patula) and thus be able to comply with the requirements established in the Organic Code of the Environment. The physicochemical study of the soil in the study area was carried out, where it was possible to demonstrate and compare a soil from a páramo ecosystem with a soil reforested with exotic species, observing an acid pH as the depth of the soil increases, in addition to the Macronutrient values such as N, P and K are relatively lower with a value of 0.48%, 6.9 mg / l, 32 mg / l respectively, compared to a páramo ecosystem soil, as well as organic matter and the carbon content. It could be stated that after the analysis of the physical chemical characterization of the soils of the exotic forest plantation of pines, it directly affects the soil structure of the páramo ecosystem.
Description
Keywords
Páramo, Pino, Suelo