Estimación de la huella de carbono en ganadería lechera mediante el software Cool Farm Tool (CFT) en la provincia de Carchi – Ecuador.
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) pueden ser causadas por muchos factores, entre ellos la ganadería bovina lechera. La acumulación de estos gases en la atmosfera genera un aumento de temperatura conocido como calentamiento global. Pocas investigaciones se han realizado en torno a las emisiones que genera esta área en Ecuador, razón por la cual se planteó calcular las emisiones que generan las fincas de lechería en la provincia de Carchi – Ecuador, como un primer acercamiento a los productores y poder recomendar prácticas de manejo de las fincas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la cantidad de GEI que genera la ganadería lechera en la zona de estudio, y a partir de esto proponer prácticas para la disminución de las mismas. Para ello se realizó una caracterización de la producción de leche de 170 fincas ganaderas en la zona de estudio, mediante encuestas que recopilaron información socioeconómica (edad del productor, nivel de educación, años de experiencia dedicados a ganadería); manejo del ganado y pastos (superficie dedicada a ganadería, cantidad de litros/año, cantidad de energía utilizada por propietario, fertilización). Se realizó una asociación entre variables socioeconómicas y de manejo de los sistemas productivos. De acuerdo a las características de hato bovino se agruparon en tres categorías: fincas pequeñas (1- 9 vacas), medianas (10-30 vacas) y grandes (mayor a 31 vacas). Posteriormente se estimaron las emisiones generadas totales, por hectárea, por producción de litro de leche y por tipo de emisiones de cada grupo, mediante el software Cool Farm Tool. El estudio identificó, bajo el contexto de acciones de mitigación de GEI, varias prácticas que pueden ayudar a generar una ganadería más consciente de las emisiones que causa esta práctica al medioambiente.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions can be caused by many factors, including dairy farming. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere generates an increase in temperature, known as global warming. Few investigations have been carried out about the emissions generated by this area in Ecuador, that´s the reason why this investigation proposed to calculate the emissions generated by dairy farms in the province of Carchi - Ecuador, as a first approach to producers and recommend farm management practices. The objective of this research was to estimate the amount of GHG generated by dairy farming in this area, and with this propose practices to reduce emissions. A characterization of the milk production of 170 dairy cattle farms in the study area was carried out, through surveys that collected socioeconomic information (age of the producer, studies carried out, level of education, years of experience dedicated to dairy farming); livestock and pasture management (area dedicated to dairy farming, number of liters/year, amount of energy used per owner, fertilization). An association was made between socioeconomic variables and management of productive systems. According to the characteristics of the cattle, they were grouped into three categories: small farms (1-9 cows), medium-sized (10-30 cows) and large (greater than 31 cows). Subsequently, the total emissions generated were estimated, per hectare, per liter of milk production and by type of emissions for each group, using the Cool Farm Tool software. The study identified, in the context of GHG mitigation actions, several practices that can help generate livestock farming that is more aware of the emissions that this practice causes to the environment.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions can be caused by many factors, including dairy farming. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere generates an increase in temperature, known as global warming. Few investigations have been carried out about the emissions generated by this area in Ecuador, that´s the reason why this investigation proposed to calculate the emissions generated by dairy farms in the province of Carchi - Ecuador, as a first approach to producers and recommend farm management practices. The objective of this research was to estimate the amount of GHG generated by dairy farming in this area, and with this propose practices to reduce emissions. A characterization of the milk production of 170 dairy cattle farms in the study area was carried out, through surveys that collected socioeconomic information (age of the producer, studies carried out, level of education, years of experience dedicated to dairy farming); livestock and pasture management (area dedicated to dairy farming, number of liters/year, amount of energy used per owner, fertilization). An association was made between socioeconomic variables and management of productive systems. According to the characteristics of the cattle, they were grouped into three categories: small farms (1-9 cows), medium-sized (10-30 cows) and large (greater than 31 cows). Subsequently, the total emissions generated were estimated, per hectare, per liter of milk production and by type of emissions for each group, using the Cool Farm Tool software. The study identified, in the context of GHG mitigation actions, several practices that can help generate livestock farming that is more aware of the emissions that this practice causes to the environment.
Description
Keywords
Gases de efecto invernadero, Ganadería, Cool farm tool, Emisiones, Mitigación