Evaluación de la calidad de las vertientes que alimentan el lago San Pablo
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Date
2024
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PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El siguiente trabajo de titulación se centró en realizar una evaluación detallada de la calidad de las fuentes de agua que alimentan el lago San Pablo, situado en el Cantón Otavalo, en la Provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. El estudio se focalizó en tres vertientes Sumak Yaku ubicado en la Parroquia de Araque, El Poggio ubicado en la Parroquia de San Pablo y Hatun Pukyo que se encuentra en la Parroquia de San Rafael. Para llevar a cabo esta evaluación, se utilizaron métodos tanto descriptivos como analíticos. Entre estos, un análisis de la calidad del agua con macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores acuáticos mediante el índice ABI y el estado del ecosistema con el Índice SVAP y análisis de diversos parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua. Para analizar las actividades antrópicas que se desarrollan en la vertiente se adaptó una matriz de Leopold para cada vertiente y se efectuó una entrevista al encargado del Departamento de Gestión Ambiental del GAD de la ciudad de Otavalo. Los resultados revelaron que las vertientes Sumak Yaku y El Poggio presentaban una calidad de agua moderada, mientras que Hatun Pukyo exhibía una calidad deficiente Según el índice ABI estado de calidad tanto de la vertiente de Sumak Yaku y El Poggio se encuentran en un estado moderado, mientras que la vertiente de Hatun Pukyo tiene un estado malo. En cuanto a las actividades antrópicas se identificó que actividades de lavado de chochos, usos turísticos de la vertiente, abrevadero y lavado de vísceras tienen un grado alto de impacto. Con estos resultados se formularon estrategias de manejo y conservación adecuadas para la región, resaltando la restauración de vegetación ribereña, charlas de concientización a la población de los alrededores y el control de un buen manejo de desechos como las estrategias más importantes.
The following degree work focused on a detailed evaluation of the quality of the water sources that feed San Pablo Lake, located in Otavalo Canton, in the Province of Imbabura, Ecuador. The study focused on three springs: Sumak Yaku located in the Araque Parish, El Poggio located in the San Pablo Parish and Hatun Pukyo located in the San Rafael Parish. Both descriptive and analytical methods were used to carry out this evaluation. Among these, an analysis of water quality with macroinvertebrates as aquatic bioindicators using the ABI index and the state of the ecosystem with the SVAP Index and analysis of various physicochemical parameters of the water. To analyze the anthropogenic activities in the watershed, a Leopold matrix was adapted for each watershed and an interview was conducted with the person in charge of the Environmental Management Department of the Otavalo City Council. The results revealed that the Sumak Yaku and El Poggio watersheds had moderate water quality, while Hatun Pukyo exhibited poor quality. According to the ABI index, the quality status of both the Sumak Yaku and El Poggio watersheds is moderate, while the Hatun Pukyo watershed has a poor status. In terms of anthropogenic activities, it was identified that activities such as washing chochos, tourist uses of the watershed, watering and washing of viscera have a high degree of impact. With these results, appropriate management and conservation strategies were formulated for the region, highlighting the restoration of riparian vegetation, awareness-raising talks to the surrounding population, and the control of good waste management as the most important strategies.
The following degree work focused on a detailed evaluation of the quality of the water sources that feed San Pablo Lake, located in Otavalo Canton, in the Province of Imbabura, Ecuador. The study focused on three springs: Sumak Yaku located in the Araque Parish, El Poggio located in the San Pablo Parish and Hatun Pukyo located in the San Rafael Parish. Both descriptive and analytical methods were used to carry out this evaluation. Among these, an analysis of water quality with macroinvertebrates as aquatic bioindicators using the ABI index and the state of the ecosystem with the SVAP Index and analysis of various physicochemical parameters of the water. To analyze the anthropogenic activities in the watershed, a Leopold matrix was adapted for each watershed and an interview was conducted with the person in charge of the Environmental Management Department of the Otavalo City Council. The results revealed that the Sumak Yaku and El Poggio watersheds had moderate water quality, while Hatun Pukyo exhibited poor quality. According to the ABI index, the quality status of both the Sumak Yaku and El Poggio watersheds is moderate, while the Hatun Pukyo watershed has a poor status. In terms of anthropogenic activities, it was identified that activities such as washing chochos, tourist uses of the watershed, watering and washing of viscera have a high degree of impact. With these results, appropriate management and conservation strategies were formulated for the region, highlighting the restoration of riparian vegetation, awareness-raising talks to the surrounding population, and the control of good waste management as the most important strategies.
Description
Keywords
Vertientes, Índice abi, Índice svap, Calidad del agua, Actividades antrópicas