Evaluación de la bioaumentación de Trichoderma y Azotobacter como alternativa de manejo en el cultivo de mandarina (Citrus reticulata), luego de la poda de renovación
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Date
2023
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Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La presencia de microorganismos en el suelo es esencial para el incremento sostenible de sistemas agrícolas, estos habitan en la rizosfera de la tierra. Son multifuncionales, es decir que pueden ser simbióticos, fijadores de nitrógeno, sintetizar metabolitos secundarios, etc. Abarca especies de hongos, virus y bacterias. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general evaluar el efecto de la aplicación al suelo de Trichoderma spp. y Azotobacter spp. en la absorción de nutrientes y desarrollo foliar en el cultivo de mandarina luego de una poda de renovación. Respecto a la metodología, se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con 3 tratamientos más un testigo, cada unidad experimental estuvo compuesta por 4 árboles de 18 18 mandarina; se evaluó variables como las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo, número y largo de brotes, y análisis foliar. Entre los resultados obtenidos para factores químicos del suelo, el mejor tratamiento fue el T3 (Trichoderma spp. + Azotobacter spp.) con valores de: nitrógeno 56.4 ppm, fósforo 149.43 ppm, potasio 2.69 meq/100 ml, materia orgánica 4.21%, y pH 6.5, respecto al número y largo de brotes se obtuvo un promedio de 45.33 brotes y 22.77 cm respectivamente, al comparar con el testigo (T4), se obtuvo para nitrógeno 30.5 ppm, fósforo 72 ppm, potasio 0.75 meq/100 ml, materia orgánica 3.34%, y pH 6.65 y en cuanto a número de brotes se obtuvo 19.17 y largo de brotes 9.49 cm. La investigación resalta la fascinante interacción entre microorganismos, minerales y materia orgánica. Al incorporar microorganismos al suelo durante el cultivo de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) y aplicar podas de renovación, se logra una notable mejora en la absorción de nutrientes. Este avance significativo promete optimizar el proceso agrícola de manera sustancial.
The presence of microorganisms in the soil is essential for the sustainable increase of agricultural systems; they inhabit the rhizosphere of the earth. They are multifunctional, that is, they can be symbiotic, nitrogen fixers, synthesize secondary metabolites, etc. It covers species of fungi, viruses and bacteria. The general objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil application of Trichoderma spp. and Azotobacter spp. in the absorption of nutrients and leaf development, in the cultivation of mandarin after renewal pruning. Regarding the methodology, a completely randomized block design was used, with 3 treatments plus a control, each experimental unit was composed of 4 mandarin trees; Variables such as the 19 19 physicochemical properties of the soil, number and length of shoots, and foliar analysis were evaluated. Among the results obtained for soil chemical factors, the best treatment was T3 (Trichoderma spp. + Azotobacter spp.) with values of: nitrogen 56.4 ppm, phosphorus 149.43 ppm, potassium 2.69 meq/100 ml, organic matter 4.21%, and pH 6.5, with respect to the number and length of shoots, an average of 45.33 shoots and 22.77 cm respectively was obtained. When compared with the control (T4), nitrogen was obtained at 30.5 ppm, phosphorus 72 ppm, potassium 0.75 meq/100 ml, matter organic 3.34%, and pH 6.65 and in terms of number of shoots, 19.17 and shoot length 9.49 cm were obtained. The research highlights the fascinating interaction between microorganisms, minerals and organic matter. By incorporating microorganisms into the soil during the cultivation of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and applying renewal pruning, a notable improvement in nutrient absorption is achieved. This significant advance promises to substantially optimize the agricultural process.
The presence of microorganisms in the soil is essential for the sustainable increase of agricultural systems; they inhabit the rhizosphere of the earth. They are multifunctional, that is, they can be symbiotic, nitrogen fixers, synthesize secondary metabolites, etc. It covers species of fungi, viruses and bacteria. The general objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil application of Trichoderma spp. and Azotobacter spp. in the absorption of nutrients and leaf development, in the cultivation of mandarin after renewal pruning. Regarding the methodology, a completely randomized block design was used, with 3 treatments plus a control, each experimental unit was composed of 4 mandarin trees; Variables such as the 19 19 physicochemical properties of the soil, number and length of shoots, and foliar analysis were evaluated. Among the results obtained for soil chemical factors, the best treatment was T3 (Trichoderma spp. + Azotobacter spp.) with values of: nitrogen 56.4 ppm, phosphorus 149.43 ppm, potassium 2.69 meq/100 ml, organic matter 4.21%, and pH 6.5, with respect to the number and length of shoots, an average of 45.33 shoots and 22.77 cm respectively was obtained. When compared with the control (T4), nitrogen was obtained at 30.5 ppm, phosphorus 72 ppm, potassium 0.75 meq/100 ml, matter organic 3.34%, and pH 6.65 and in terms of number of shoots, 19.17 and shoot length 9.49 cm were obtained. The research highlights the fascinating interaction between microorganisms, minerals and organic matter. By incorporating microorganisms into the soil during the cultivation of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and applying renewal pruning, a notable improvement in nutrient absorption is achieved. This significant advance promises to substantially optimize the agricultural process.
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Keywords
Azotobacter spp, Bioaumentación, Cultivo, Mandarina, Trichoderma spp