Evaluación del efecto antibiótico del extracto de la planta medicinal más usada en mastitis bovina en la provincia de Imbabura
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Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano
de la principal planta medicinal utilizada en campo por los ganaderos de Imbabura sobre las
bacterias Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, que son organismos prevalentes en
mastitis bovina. Mediante 330 encuestas a productores de los seis cantones de Imbabura se
determinó que la planta más utilizada es Solanum nigrum (Hierba Mora). Utilizando un
diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con el fin de evaluar la acción antimicrobiana de dicha
solanácea en concentraciones de 175mg/ml, 350mg/ml, 525mg/ml y 700 mg/ml. La
obtención de los extractos se realizó por maceración dinámica con solvente de metanol al
99%, a continuación, se realizó cultivos con las bacterias seleccionadas en agar nutritivo, en
los cuales se distribuyó discos empapados con las cuatro concentraciones del extracto,
tomando como control positivo la Penicilina G y el alcohol metanol como control negativo.
Una vez transcurridas 24 horas de la siembra se procedió a la medición de los halos de
inhibición, referente a E. Coli se obtuvo un promedio de 0,64; 3,56; 3,82 y 7,21 mm con
concentraciones de 175mg/ml, 350mg/ml, 525mg/ml y 700 mg/ml respectivamente, mientras
que con las bacterias de S. aureus se produjeron halos de inhibición de 1,96; 1,32; 1,91; 2,02
y 3,72 mm, con las mismas concentraciones. Se logró establecer diferencias estadísticamente
significativas entre tratamientos mediante la prueba de Tukey al 5%, estableciendo que el
mejor tratamiento antimicrobiano fue la concentración al 100% del extracto de Solanum
Nigrum sobre ambas bacterias, aunque generó mayor sensibilidad sobre las bacterias E. coli.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the antimicrobial effect of the main medicinal plant used in the field by Imbabura farmers on the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which are organisms prevalent in bovine mastitis. By means of 330 surveys to producers of the six cantons of Imbabura, it was determined that the most used plant is Solanum nigrum (Hierba mora). Using a completely randomized design (DCA) in order to evaluate the antimicrobial action of said solanaceous in concentrations of 175mg / ml, 350mg / ml, 525mg / ml and 700 mg / ml. The extracts were obtained by dynamic maceration with 99% methanol solvent, then cultures were carried out with the selected bacteria on nutritive agar, in which discs soaked with the four concentrations of the extract were distributed, taking as a positive control Penicillin G and alcohol methanol as negative control. After 24 hours of planting, the inhibition zones were measured, referring to E. Coli, an average of 0.64 was obtained; 3.56; 3.82 and 7.21 mm with concentrations of 175mg / ml, 350mg / ml, 525mg / ml and 700 mg / ml, respectively, while bacteria of S. aureus produced haloes of inhibition of 1.96; 1.32; 1.91; 2.02 and 3.72 mm, with the same concentrations. It was possible to establish statistically significant differences between treatments using the Tukey test at 5%, establishing that the best antimicrobial treatment was the 100% concentration of Solanum Nigrum extract on both bacteria, although it generated greater sensitivity on E. coli bacteria.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the antimicrobial effect of the main medicinal plant used in the field by Imbabura farmers on the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which are organisms prevalent in bovine mastitis. By means of 330 surveys to producers of the six cantons of Imbabura, it was determined that the most used plant is Solanum nigrum (Hierba mora). Using a completely randomized design (DCA) in order to evaluate the antimicrobial action of said solanaceous in concentrations of 175mg / ml, 350mg / ml, 525mg / ml and 700 mg / ml. The extracts were obtained by dynamic maceration with 99% methanol solvent, then cultures were carried out with the selected bacteria on nutritive agar, in which discs soaked with the four concentrations of the extract were distributed, taking as a positive control Penicillin G and alcohol methanol as negative control. After 24 hours of planting, the inhibition zones were measured, referring to E. Coli, an average of 0.64 was obtained; 3.56; 3.82 and 7.21 mm with concentrations of 175mg / ml, 350mg / ml, 525mg / ml and 700 mg / ml, respectively, while bacteria of S. aureus produced haloes of inhibition of 1.96; 1.32; 1.91; 2.02 and 3.72 mm, with the same concentrations. It was possible to establish statistically significant differences between treatments using the Tukey test at 5%, establishing that the best antimicrobial treatment was the 100% concentration of Solanum Nigrum extract on both bacteria, although it generated greater sensitivity on E. coli bacteria.
Description
Keywords
Solanum nigrum, Escherichia coli