Calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis en la clínica MENYDIAL
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
A pesar de los avances médicos, los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en etapa terminal siguen enfrentando grandes desafíos físicos, psicológicos y sociales que afectan su calidad de vida. Esta investigación se centra en abordar el impacto multidimensional de la ERC con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de calidad de vida de los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en estadio 5 (ERC-5) sometidos a hemodiálisis en la Clínica Menydial Ibarra, durante el periodo comprendido entre abril y agosto de 2024. Para lograrlo, se realizó un estudio no experimental de corte transversal con enfoque cuantitativo y nivel descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta que incluyó datos sociodemográficos y el cuestionario KDQOL-36™ a una muestra de 50 pacientes seleccionados por conveniencia. Los resultados muestran variaciones en la percepción de la calidad de vida. El componente físico tiene una puntuación media de 72,5, con un 46% de los pacientes calificando su salud física como buena. En contraste, el componente psicológico obtuvo una puntuación media de 54,5, con solo un 12% reportando buena salud mental. La función social presentó una puntuación de 46,3, y el 50% de los pacientes perciben una afectación significativa en este aspecto. Las correlaciones entre las dimensiones física, psicológica y social revelan una interdependencia, indicando que la salud física y mental están estrechamente relacionadas con el bienestar general. Además, las comorbilidades como hipertensión y diabetes, junto con factores como la edad avanzada y bajos ingresos, afectan notablemente la calidad de vida. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de enfoques integrales que incluyan tanto la gestión médica de la enfermedad como el apoyo social y emocional para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Despite medical advances, patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) continue to face major physical, psychological, and social challenges that affect their quality of life. This research focuses on addressing the multidimensional impact of CKD with the aim of determining the level of quality of life of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) undergoing hemodialysis at Clinic Menydial Ibarra, during the period between April and August 2024. To achieve this, a non-experimental cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach and descriptive level was carried out. A survey that included sociodemographic data and the KDQOL-36™ questionnaire was applied to a sample of 50 patients selected by convenience. The results show variations in the perception of quality of life. The physical component has a mean score of 72.5, with 46% of patients rating their physical health as good. In contrast, the psychological component had a mean score of 54.5, with only 12% reporting good mental health. Social function presented a score of 46.3, with 50% of patients perceiving a significant impairment in this aspect. The correlations between the physical, psychological and social dimensions reveal an interdependence, indicating that physical and mental health are closely related to overall well-being. In addition, comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, together with factors such as advanced age and low income, markedly affect quality of life. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive approaches that include both medical management of the disease and social and emotional support to improve patients' quality of life.
Despite medical advances, patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) continue to face major physical, psychological, and social challenges that affect their quality of life. This research focuses on addressing the multidimensional impact of CKD with the aim of determining the level of quality of life of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) undergoing hemodialysis at Clinic Menydial Ibarra, during the period between April and August 2024. To achieve this, a non-experimental cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach and descriptive level was carried out. A survey that included sociodemographic data and the KDQOL-36™ questionnaire was applied to a sample of 50 patients selected by convenience. The results show variations in the perception of quality of life. The physical component has a mean score of 72.5, with 46% of patients rating their physical health as good. In contrast, the psychological component had a mean score of 54.5, with only 12% reporting good mental health. Social function presented a score of 46.3, with 50% of patients perceiving a significant impairment in this aspect. The correlations between the physical, psychological and social dimensions reveal an interdependence, indicating that physical and mental health are closely related to overall well-being. In addition, comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, together with factors such as advanced age and low income, markedly affect quality of life. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive approaches that include both medical management of the disease and social and emotional support to improve patients' quality of life.
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Keywords
Calidad de vida, Enfermedad renal crónica, Hemodiálisis, Kdqol - 36™