Diseño de un dispositivo exoesqueleto de bajo costo, para favorecer en la bipedestación de una persona
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Date
2021
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Los Seres Humanos están expuestos a varios riesgos, cada día las estadísticas sobre enfermedades y problemas que se generan en el ambiente laboral van en aumento, muchas veces suceden cuando las personas comienzan a adoptar posturas que no son correctas, generando así molestias a mediano y corto plazo. Existen dispositivos (exoesqueletos) que ayudan a mejorar dichas posturas y dar soporte de las extremidades del cuerpo. Al ser equipos con tecnología extranjera, tiene un alto costo de comercialización dentro del país y, por ende, no son una opción que los empleadores puedan pagar para sus empleados. A nivel mundial y en Ecuador varias universidades y centros de investigaciones han desarrollado prototipos que ayuden a mejorar las posturas de los trabajadores, a pesar de ello, son equipos robóticos, automatizados e inteligentes que siguen teniendo un elevado costo de adquisición. En esta investigación se presenta el desarrollo de un dispositivo exoesqueletico de bajo costo enfocado en reducir en cansancio en personas que pasan jornadas laborales largas de trabajo, permitiendo que puedan adoptar una postura de descanso y de bipedestación sin que afecte su rendimiento laboral. Para ello, se plantea un proceso de diseño que fusione la tecnología computacional, la estética con los materiales de la zona de fácil adquisición, para luego presentar alternativas de mecanismos y formas y así seleccionar jerárquicamente las más adecuadas según los requerimientos planteados. Concluyendo que es posible desarrollar un dispositivo exoesqueletico con materiales disponibles en el mercado nacional y que sea de costo accesible.
Human Beings are exposed to various risks, every day the statistics on diseases and problems that are generated in the work environment are increasing, many times they happen when people begin to adopt postures that are not correct, thus generating discomfort in the medium and short term. There are devices (exoskeletons) that help improve these postures and support the extremities of the body. Being equipment with foreign technology, it has a high marketing cost within the country and, therefore, it is not an option that employers can pay for their employees. Worldwide and in Ecuador, several universities and research centers have developed prototypes that help improve the posture of workers, despite this, they are robotic, automated and intelligent equipment that continue to have a high acquisition cost. This research presents the development of a low-cost exoskeletal device focused on reducing fatigue in people who spend long working hours, allowing them to adopt a resting and standing position without affecting their work performance. To do this, a design process is proposed that merges computational technology, aesthetics with materials from the area of easy acquisition, to then present alternative mechanisms and forms and thus hierarchically select the most appropriate according to the stated requirements. Concluding that it is possible to develop an exoskeleton device with materials available in the national market and that it is affordable.
Human Beings are exposed to various risks, every day the statistics on diseases and problems that are generated in the work environment are increasing, many times they happen when people begin to adopt postures that are not correct, thus generating discomfort in the medium and short term. There are devices (exoskeletons) that help improve these postures and support the extremities of the body. Being equipment with foreign technology, it has a high marketing cost within the country and, therefore, it is not an option that employers can pay for their employees. Worldwide and in Ecuador, several universities and research centers have developed prototypes that help improve the posture of workers, despite this, they are robotic, automated and intelligent equipment that continue to have a high acquisition cost. This research presents the development of a low-cost exoskeletal device focused on reducing fatigue in people who spend long working hours, allowing them to adopt a resting and standing position without affecting their work performance. To do this, a design process is proposed that merges computational technology, aesthetics with materials from the area of easy acquisition, to then present alternative mechanisms and forms and thus hierarchically select the most appropriate according to the stated requirements. Concluding that it is possible to develop an exoskeleton device with materials available in the national market and that it is affordable.
Description
Keywords
Exoesqueleto, Bajo costo, Bipedestación