Estrategias de Litigación Oral en el Sistema Procesal Penal Ecuatoriano
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Date
2025
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La presente investigación comprende y analiza las estrategias de litigación oral en el sistema procesal penal ecuatoriano, en especial durante la prueba testimonial en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura. Es así que, el sistema judicial penal, caracterizado por la oralidad, exige a los abogados litigantes dominar las técnicas de litigación para que puedan tener una defensa técnica efectiva en las audiencias. A través de una revisión bibliográfica y entrevistas con jueces, se identificaron deficiencias en el uso de las técnicas de litigación por parte de los abogados del foro de Ibarra. Con un enfoque cualitativo y una profundidad descriptiva, se aplicó el método hermenéutico en el estudio de textos legales y normativos, así como las técnicas de observación y entrevistas estructuradas para obtener datos primarios. Se observó que, las técnicas de litigación oral son importantes para el sistema acusatorio y que los abogados presentan fallas significativas, particularmente al momento de evacuar la prueba testimonial, interrogatorios y contrainterrogatorios que afectan la calidad de los procedimientos judiciales, y esto limita el esclarecimiento de los hechos, tomando en cuenta que en muchas ocasiones se vulnera el derecho a la defensa. Se identificaron problemas como el desconocimiento de la normativa por parte de los abogados, la mala formulación de preguntas y la falta de preparación técnica para objetar las preguntas inapropiadas, coincidiendo los jueces entrevistados al afirmar que las estrategias actuales son insuficientes para contribuir de manera efectiva a la verdad procesal. Por lo expuesto es oportuno que, los abogados reciban capacitaciones continuas y prácticas en técnicas de litigación oral, incluyendo simulaciones de juicios y manejo de objeciones, fomentando el autoestudio y la actualización normativa para fortalecer las competencias profesionales y promover una administración de justicia más eficiente y equitativa.
This research includes and analyzes oral litigation strategies in the Ecuadorian criminal procedural system, especially during testimonial evidence in the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura. Thus, the criminal justice system, characterized by oral proceedings, requires litigating lawyers to master litigation techniques so that they can have an effective technical defense in hearings. Through a bibliographic review and interviews with judges, deficiencies in the use of litigation techniques by lawyers in the Ibarra forum were identified. With a qualitative approach and descriptive depth, the hermeneutic method was applied in the study of legal and regulatory texts, as well as observation techniques and structured interviews to obtain primary data. It was observed that oral litigation techniques are important for the accusatory system and that lawyers present significant flaws, particularly when evacuating testimonial evidence, interrogations and cross-examinations that affect the quality of judicial proceedings, and this limits the clarification of the facts, taking into account that in many cases the right to defense is violated. Problems were identified such as the lack of knowledge of the regulations by lawyers, the poor formulation of questions and the lack of technical preparation to object to inappropriate questions, with the interviewed judges agreeing in stating that current strategies are insufficient to effectively contribute to procedural truth. For the reasons stated above, it is appropriate for lawyers to receive continuous and practical training in oral litigation techniques, including trial simulations and handling of objections, encouraging self-study and regulatory updating to strengthen professional skills and promote a more efficient and equitable administration of justice.
This research includes and analyzes oral litigation strategies in the Ecuadorian criminal procedural system, especially during testimonial evidence in the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura. Thus, the criminal justice system, characterized by oral proceedings, requires litigating lawyers to master litigation techniques so that they can have an effective technical defense in hearings. Through a bibliographic review and interviews with judges, deficiencies in the use of litigation techniques by lawyers in the Ibarra forum were identified. With a qualitative approach and descriptive depth, the hermeneutic method was applied in the study of legal and regulatory texts, as well as observation techniques and structured interviews to obtain primary data. It was observed that oral litigation techniques are important for the accusatory system and that lawyers present significant flaws, particularly when evacuating testimonial evidence, interrogations and cross-examinations that affect the quality of judicial proceedings, and this limits the clarification of the facts, taking into account that in many cases the right to defense is violated. Problems were identified such as the lack of knowledge of the regulations by lawyers, the poor formulation of questions and the lack of technical preparation to object to inappropriate questions, with the interviewed judges agreeing in stating that current strategies are insufficient to effectively contribute to procedural truth. For the reasons stated above, it is appropriate for lawyers to receive continuous and practical training in oral litigation techniques, including trial simulations and handling of objections, encouraging self-study and regulatory updating to strengthen professional skills and promote a more efficient and equitable administration of justice.
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Keywords
Litigación oral, Proceso penal, Estrategias de litigación, Prueba testimonial