Análisis comparativo de las facultades de los notarios en Perú y Ecuador sobre la facultad de realizar matrimonios civiles y la conveniencia de la aplicación en la legislación ecuatoriana
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Date
2025
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PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El presente artículo aborda la posibilidad de ampliar las facultades notariales en Ecuador para incluir la celebración de matrimonios civiles, tomando como referencia el caso de Perú. Se realiza un análisis comparativo de las legislaciones de ambos países, destacando los beneficios que esta reforma podría ofrecer en términos de eficiencia administrativa, descongestión del Registro Civil y fortalecimiento de la seguridad jurídica. En Perú, la Ley N.º 31643, promulgada en 2022, permitió a los notarios oficiar matrimonios civiles, agilizando los trámites y ofreciendo una opción más accesible para las parejas, mientras que, en Ecuador, esta función sigue siendo exclusiva del Registro Civil. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se utilizaron métodos como el deductivo para aplicar teorías generales al contexto ecuatoriano, el analítico-sintético para descomponer y reunir datos normativos relevantes, y el normativista para analizar los marcos legales vigentes en ambos países. También se llevaron a cabo revisiones documentales y entrevistas estructuradas con notarios ecuatorianos y peruanos para identificar los beneficios y desafíos de esta reforma. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la implementación de esta reforma requeriría ajustes legales y programas de capacitación, su viabilidad es alta. La experiencia peruana evidencia que el matrimonio civil en sede notarial reduce la carga institucional y garantiza transparencia y legalidad mediante la fe pública del notario. Sin embargo, la falta de datos específicos sobre tiempos de espera, costos e impacto financiero limitó una evaluación más completa del modelo peruano y su posible implementación en Ecuador. En el contexto ecuatoriano, delegar esta competencia permitiría una mayor descentralización y flexibilidad para los ciudadanos. Esta medida mejoraría la eficiencia del proceso matrimonial y representaría un avance en la protección de derechos y la modernización del sistema legal. Este trabajo contribuye al debate jurídico sobre la optimización de competencias notariales y el fortalecimiento del acceso a la justicia.
This article addresses the possibility of expanding notarial powers in Ecuador to include the celebration of civil marriages, taking the case of Peru as a reference. A comparative analysis of the legislation of both countries is carried out, highlighting the benefits that this reform could offer in terms of administrative efficiency, decongestion of the Civil Registry and strengthening of legal certainty. In Peru, Law No. 31643, enacted in 2022, allowed notaries to officiate civil marriages, streamlining procedures and offering a more accessible option for couples, while in Ecuador, this function remains exclusive to the Civil Registry. From a qualitative approach, methods such as deductive were used to apply general theories to the Ecuadorian context, analytical-synthetic to break down and gather relevant regulatory data, and normative to analyze the legal frameworks in force in both countries. Documentary reviews and structured interviews with Ecuadorian and Peruvian notaries were also carried out to identify the benefits and challenges of this reform. The results show that, although the implementation of this reform would require legal adjustments and training programs, its feasibility is high. The Peruvian experience shows that civil marriage in a notary office reduces the institutional burden and guarantees transparency and legality through the public faith of the notary. However, the lack of specific data on waiting times, costs and financial impact limited a more complete evaluation of the Peruvian model and its possible implementation in Ecuador. In the Ecuadorian context, delegating this competence would allow greater decentralization and flexibility for citizens. This measure would improve the efficiency of the marriage process and represent an advance in the protection of rights and the modernization of the legal system. This work contributes to the legal debate on the optimization of notarial competences and the strengthening of access to justice.
This article addresses the possibility of expanding notarial powers in Ecuador to include the celebration of civil marriages, taking the case of Peru as a reference. A comparative analysis of the legislation of both countries is carried out, highlighting the benefits that this reform could offer in terms of administrative efficiency, decongestion of the Civil Registry and strengthening of legal certainty. In Peru, Law No. 31643, enacted in 2022, allowed notaries to officiate civil marriages, streamlining procedures and offering a more accessible option for couples, while in Ecuador, this function remains exclusive to the Civil Registry. From a qualitative approach, methods such as deductive were used to apply general theories to the Ecuadorian context, analytical-synthetic to break down and gather relevant regulatory data, and normative to analyze the legal frameworks in force in both countries. Documentary reviews and structured interviews with Ecuadorian and Peruvian notaries were also carried out to identify the benefits and challenges of this reform. The results show that, although the implementation of this reform would require legal adjustments and training programs, its feasibility is high. The Peruvian experience shows that civil marriage in a notary office reduces the institutional burden and guarantees transparency and legality through the public faith of the notary. However, the lack of specific data on waiting times, costs and financial impact limited a more complete evaluation of the Peruvian model and its possible implementation in Ecuador. In the Ecuadorian context, delegating this competence would allow greater decentralization and flexibility for citizens. This measure would improve the efficiency of the marriage process and represent an advance in the protection of rights and the modernization of the legal system. This work contributes to the legal debate on the optimization of notarial competences and the strengthening of access to justice.
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Keywords
Matrimonio civil, Notarios, Legislación comparada, Seguridad jurídica