El derecho al debido proceso de los y las estudiantes en casos de violencia en contextos educativos en la ciudad de Ibarra, período 2021-2024: Sentencia Constitucional No. 456-20-JP/21
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Date
2025
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PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Aunque la educación es un derecho constitucional, existen barreras que afectan su acceso, calidad y cumplimiento, especialmente en referencia al cumplimiento del debido proceso en las actuaciones y prevención de la violencia y el acoso escolar. Ante ello, esta investigación se centró en determinar si existe una correcta implementación de protocolos de actuación internos basados en el respeto al derecho al debido proceso en los procedimientos disciplinarios dentro de las siguientes unidades educativas de la ciudad de Ibarra: La Victoria, Pensionado Atahualpa y Teodoro Gómez de la Torre, en el periodo 2021-2024; basándose en los siguientes parámetros determinados por la Sentencia Constitucional No. 456-20-JP/21: justicia restaurativa, debido proceso en el contexto educativo, y códigos de convivencia y protocolos de actuación. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque de investigación mixto, con la aplicación de los métodos hermenéutico y analítico para comprender la influencia de los criterios de la Corte en la implementación de los protocolos de actuación para el abordaje de los procedimientos disciplinarios educativos. Donde se concluyó que las instituciones estudiadas alinean sus actuaciones y conformación de comisiones a la normativa emitida por parte del Ministerio de Educación y al Acuerdo Ministerial MINEDUC-MINEDUC-2023-00081-A, que, además, plantean la resolución de conflictos mediante MASC apegados al principio de justicia restaurativa, que se implementan dentro de los respectivos Códigos de Convivencia para la aplicación de medidas disciplinarias y las respectivas actuaciones que corresponden a los casos de violencia suscitados en el campo académico. En concordancia con el objeto de investigación, se evidenció que la Sentencia analizada incidió en la aplicación de protocolos de actuación internos que observen un debido proceso respetuoso de los derechos constitucionales; y destacó la necesidad del fortalecimiento y capacitación de los actores educativos en el abordaje de los casos de violencia para prevenir y tratar este tipo de conflictos.
Although education is a constitutional right, barriers persist that affect its access, quality, and enforcement, particularly regarding due process compliance in proceedings and the prevention of violence and school bullying. In response, this research focused on determining whether internal action protocols are correctly implemented based on respect for the right to due process in disciplinary procedures within the following educational institutions in the city of Ibarra: La Victoria, Pensionado Atahualpa, and Teodoro Gómez de la Torre, during the period 2021–2024. The study was based on the parameters established by Constitutional Ruling No. 456-20-JP/21: restorative justice, due process in the educational context, and codes of coexistence and action protocols. To achieve this, a mixed research approach was employed, utilizing hermeneutic and analytical methods to understand the influence of the Court's criteria on the implementation of action protocols for handling educational disciplinary procedures. The study concluded that the analyzed institutions align their actions and commission structures with the regulations issued by the Ministry of Education and Ministerial Agreement MINEDUC-MINEDUC-2023-00081-A. Furthermore, these regulations propose conflict resolution through structured ADR mechanisms that adhere to the principle of restorative justice, implemented within the respective Codes of Coexistence to apply disciplinary measures and address cases of violence occurring in the academic setting. In line with the research objective, the study evidenced that the analyzed ruling influenced the application of internal action protocols that uphold due process while respecting constitutional rights. Additionally, it highlighted the need to strengthen and train educational stakeholders in handling cases of violence to prevent and manage such conflicts effectively.
Although education is a constitutional right, barriers persist that affect its access, quality, and enforcement, particularly regarding due process compliance in proceedings and the prevention of violence and school bullying. In response, this research focused on determining whether internal action protocols are correctly implemented based on respect for the right to due process in disciplinary procedures within the following educational institutions in the city of Ibarra: La Victoria, Pensionado Atahualpa, and Teodoro Gómez de la Torre, during the period 2021–2024. The study was based on the parameters established by Constitutional Ruling No. 456-20-JP/21: restorative justice, due process in the educational context, and codes of coexistence and action protocols. To achieve this, a mixed research approach was employed, utilizing hermeneutic and analytical methods to understand the influence of the Court's criteria on the implementation of action protocols for handling educational disciplinary procedures. The study concluded that the analyzed institutions align their actions and commission structures with the regulations issued by the Ministry of Education and Ministerial Agreement MINEDUC-MINEDUC-2023-00081-A. Furthermore, these regulations propose conflict resolution through structured ADR mechanisms that adhere to the principle of restorative justice, implemented within the respective Codes of Coexistence to apply disciplinary measures and address cases of violence occurring in the academic setting. In line with the research objective, the study evidenced that the analyzed ruling influenced the application of internal action protocols that uphold due process while respecting constitutional rights. Additionally, it highlighted the need to strengthen and train educational stakeholders in handling cases of violence to prevent and manage such conflicts effectively.
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Keywords
Corte constitucional, Debido proceso, Violencia escolar, Justicia restaurativa, Procedimientos disciplinarios educativos