Efecto de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno de tres dosis de Rhizobium Spp. En frijol (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) En los 60 días de desarrollo del cultivo en la ciudad de Ibarra provincia de Imbabura
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Date
2025
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo, evaluar el efecto de tres dosis de Rhizobium spp. sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, durante un periodo de 60 días. Se evaluaron diversas variables agronómicas, entre las que se incluyen la altura de las plantas, el índice SPAD (que mide el contenido de clorofila en las hojas), el número de nódulos, la masa foliar y la masa radicular. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la dosis más baja de Rhizobium spp., correspondiente al tratamiento testigo 3 (6 × 102,5 UFC/ml), fue la que mostró los mejores efectos en todas las variables evaluadas. Esta dosis favoreció significativamente el desarrollo vegetativo de las plantas, incrementando su altura, el número de nódulos en las raíces, y promoviendo un mayor crecimiento tanto de la masa foliar como radicular, lo que sugirió una optimización de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. Para asegurar un adecuado suministro de agua y facilitar la absorción de nutrientes, se implementó un sistema de riego por goteo con Drench, lo cual permitió un uso eficiente del recurso hídrico. Además, se realizaron pruebas presuntivas para determinar cuál de las cepas de Rhizobium spp. evaluadas tenía una mayor capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno. Los resultados demostraron que la dosis baja de Rhizobium spp. no solo mejoró el desarrollo físico del frijol, sino que también mostró su potencial para contribuir a una producción más sostenible de frijol en la región. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para optimizar las prácticas agrícolas en la zona, promoviendo un uso más eficiente de los recursos y reduciendo la dependencia de fertilizantes sintéticos.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three doses of Rhizobium spp. on the growth and development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura, over a period of 60 days. Several agronomic variables were assessed, including plant height, the SPAD index (which measures chlorophyll content in the leaves), the number of nodules, leaf mass, and root mass. The results indicated that the lowest dose of Rhizobium spp., corresponding to treatment 3 (6 × 102,5 UFC/ml), showed the best effects on all evaluated variables. This dose significantly favored the vegetative development of the plants, increasing their height, the number of nodules in the roots, and promoting greater growth of both leaf and root mass, suggesting an optimization of biological nitrogen fixation. To ensure an adequate water supply and facilitate the absorption of nutrients, a drip irrigation system with Drench was implemented, which allowed efficient use of the water resource. Additionally, presumptive tests were carried out to determine which of the Rhizobium spp. strains evaluated had the highest nitrogen fixation capacity. The results demonstrated that the low dose of Rhizobium spp. not only improved the physical development of the bean but also showed its potential to contribute to more sustainable bean production in the region. These findings are relevant for optimizing agricultural practices in the area, promoting more efficient use of resources, and reducing the reliance on synthetic fertilizers.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three doses of Rhizobium spp. on the growth and development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura, over a period of 60 days. Several agronomic variables were assessed, including plant height, the SPAD index (which measures chlorophyll content in the leaves), the number of nodules, leaf mass, and root mass. The results indicated that the lowest dose of Rhizobium spp., corresponding to treatment 3 (6 × 102,5 UFC/ml), showed the best effects on all evaluated variables. This dose significantly favored the vegetative development of the plants, increasing their height, the number of nodules in the roots, and promoting greater growth of both leaf and root mass, suggesting an optimization of biological nitrogen fixation. To ensure an adequate water supply and facilitate the absorption of nutrients, a drip irrigation system with Drench was implemented, which allowed efficient use of the water resource. Additionally, presumptive tests were carried out to determine which of the Rhizobium spp. strains evaluated had the highest nitrogen fixation capacity. The results demonstrated that the low dose of Rhizobium spp. not only improved the physical development of the bean but also showed its potential to contribute to more sustainable bean production in the region. These findings are relevant for optimizing agricultural practices in the area, promoting more efficient use of resources, and reducing the reliance on synthetic fertilizers.
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Keywords
Rhizobium spp, Fijación biológica de nitrógeno, Frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris l), Masa radicular, Riego por goteo