Evaluación de la viabilidad técnica para el uso de materiales lignocelulósicos (bagazo de caña en mezcla con cáscara de yuca) como biopolímero biodegradable en la fabricación de envases desechables
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La gestión ambiental del empleo de plástico de un solo uso es hoy uno de los desafíos más importantes, debido a la afectación ambiental que su uso conlleva. Su carácter desechable y su baja tasa de reciclaje inciden notablemente en su potencial lesivo, generando diversos efectos adversos, tales como acumulación de residuos, contaminación de fuentes hídricas y del suelo, afectación de la flora y la fauna terrestre y marina e incidencia negativa sobre la salud humana. De allí la necesidad de desarrollar alternativas viables que permitan mitigar el impacto negativo del plástico, como la propuesta en el presente trabajo de investigación. El objetivo general fue evaluar la viabilidad del uso de material lignocelulósico (bagazo de caña en mezcla con cáscara de yuca) como biopolímero degradable, mediante pruebas técnicas de aglomeración, con el propósito de determinar su potencial como materia prima en la creación de envases desechables. En el contexto de la economía circular, se parte de subproductos generados por diferentes industrias, disminuyendo la generación de residuos sólidos. A partir de un enfoque mixto, se desarrolló una investigación explicativa que buscó precisar los efectos de la utilización del bagazo de caña de azúcar y de la corteza de yuca como materia prima para la creación de platos desechables. Para ello, se realizó un análisis comparativo de las características del producto obtenido con el bagazo de caña en mezcla con la cáscara de yuca a diferentes concentraciones (30% y 40%). Los resultados obtenidos fueron positivos, debido a que los tratamientos presentaron alto rendimiento en la prueba de dureza con un promedio de 83,607 Ha, pero con un tiempo de permeabilidad bajo de 5,013 min de promedio, lo que facilita el proceso de descomposición del material; mas no se obtuvieron resultados óptimos en el sometimiento del biopolímero a las pruebas mecánicas de compresión y tracción.
The environmental management of the use of single-use plastic is today one of the most important challenges, due to the environmental impact that its use entails. Its disposable nature and low recycling rate significantly affect its harmful potential, generating various adverse effects, such as accumulation of waste, contamination of water sources and soil, impact on terrestrial and marine flora and fauna, and negative impact on the environment. human health. Hence the need to develop viable alternatives that allow mitigating the negative impact of plastic, such as the one proposed in this research work. The general objective was to evaluate the viability of the use of lignocellulosic material (cane bagasse mixed with cassava peel) as degradable biopolymers, through technical agglomeration tests, with the purpose of determining its potential as a raw material in the creation of disposable packaging. Using a mixed approach, explanatory research was developed that sought to specify the effects of using sugarcane bagasse and cassava bark as raw materials for the creation of disposable plates. For this, a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the product obtained with sugarcane bagasse mixed with cassava peel at different concentrations (30% and 40%) was carried out. The results obtained in the research were positive regarding treatments that presented high performance in the hardness test with an average of 83,607 Ha, but with a low permeability time of 5,013 min on average, which facilitates the material decomposition process; However, optimal results were not obtained when subjecting the biopolymer to mechanical compression and traction tests.
The environmental management of the use of single-use plastic is today one of the most important challenges, due to the environmental impact that its use entails. Its disposable nature and low recycling rate significantly affect its harmful potential, generating various adverse effects, such as accumulation of waste, contamination of water sources and soil, impact on terrestrial and marine flora and fauna, and negative impact on the environment. human health. Hence the need to develop viable alternatives that allow mitigating the negative impact of plastic, such as the one proposed in this research work. The general objective was to evaluate the viability of the use of lignocellulosic material (cane bagasse mixed with cassava peel) as degradable biopolymers, through technical agglomeration tests, with the purpose of determining its potential as a raw material in the creation of disposable packaging. Using a mixed approach, explanatory research was developed that sought to specify the effects of using sugarcane bagasse and cassava bark as raw materials for the creation of disposable plates. For this, a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the product obtained with sugarcane bagasse mixed with cassava peel at different concentrations (30% and 40%) was carried out. The results obtained in the research were positive regarding treatments that presented high performance in the hardness test with an average of 83,607 Ha, but with a low permeability time of 5,013 min on average, which facilitates the material decomposition process; However, optimal results were not obtained when subjecting the biopolymer to mechanical compression and traction tests.
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Keywords
Biopolímero, Bagazo de caña, Cáscara de yuca, Biodegradable, Envases desechables