Estudio de la inimputabilidad por trastornos mentales en la legislación penal ecuatoriana
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El presente trabajo de titulación aborda la compleja relación entre la salud mental y el sistema jurídico penal en Ecuador, en lo referente a la imputabilidad y responsabilidad penal de individuos con trastornos mentales. El problema y objetivo central de esta investigación es establecer si la ausencia de una clara enumeración de trastornos mentales que pueden considerarse como causa de inimputabilidad en el sistema legal ecuatoriano genera un impacto significativo en la administración de justicia. La metodología empleada en este trabajo se basó en un enfoque mixto a través de una revisión documental de la normativa legal, análisis de casos judiciales, entrevistas y encuestas con profesionales del derecho y salud mental. Se utilizó un nivel de profundidad exploratorio descriptivo para obtener un conocimiento inicial y comprensión general de la problemática, identificando los aspectos relevantes y los diferentes factores involucrados, además, se aplicó el método científico principal, el socio jurídico, que se enfoca en la interpretación de textos y sentencias, también se utilizó el método inductivo al recopilar datos empíricos sobre casos específicos de personas con trastornos mentales y analizarlos para identificar tendencias más amplias en cuanto a la imputabilidad en el sistema legal ecuatoriano. Los resultados más relevantes de la investigación revelaron dos casos demostrativos que destacan la importancia de considerar la salud mental de los acusados en el proceso judicial y la necesidad de una mayor sensibilización dentro del sistema judicial, asimismo, se reconocieron dificultades en la identificación de trastornos mentales, lo que resalta la necesidad de abordar las deficiencias en la legislación y la capacitación profesional para garantizar un sistema legal más equitativo y efectivo para las personas con trastornos mentales.
This thesis explores the complex relationship between mental health and the penal legal system in Ecuador, concerning the accountability and criminal responsibility of individuals with mental disorders. The central problem and objective of this research is to establish whether the absence of a clear enumeration of mental disorders that can be considered as a cause of non-imputability in the Ecuadorian legal system has a significant impact on the administration of justice. The methodology used in this work was based on a mixed approach through a documentary review of legal regulations, analysis of judicial cases, interviews, and surveys with legal and mental health professionals. An exploratory descriptive depth level was used to obtain initial knowledge and a general understanding of the problem, identifying relevant aspects and different factors involved. Additionally, the principal scientific method, the socio-legal method, which focuses on the interpretation of texts and sentences, was applied. The inductive method was also used to collect empirical data on specific cases of people with mental disorders and analyze them to identify broader trends regarding accountability in the Ecuadorian legal system. The most relevant results of the research revealed two illustrative cases that highlight the importance of considering the mental health of the accused in the judicial process and the need for greater awareness within the judicial system. Likewise, difficulties in identifying mental disorders were recognized, emphasizing the need to address deficiencies in legislation and professional training to ensure a more equitable and effective legal system for people with mental disorders.
This thesis explores the complex relationship between mental health and the penal legal system in Ecuador, concerning the accountability and criminal responsibility of individuals with mental disorders. The central problem and objective of this research is to establish whether the absence of a clear enumeration of mental disorders that can be considered as a cause of non-imputability in the Ecuadorian legal system has a significant impact on the administration of justice. The methodology used in this work was based on a mixed approach through a documentary review of legal regulations, analysis of judicial cases, interviews, and surveys with legal and mental health professionals. An exploratory descriptive depth level was used to obtain initial knowledge and a general understanding of the problem, identifying relevant aspects and different factors involved. Additionally, the principal scientific method, the socio-legal method, which focuses on the interpretation of texts and sentences, was applied. The inductive method was also used to collect empirical data on specific cases of people with mental disorders and analyze them to identify broader trends regarding accountability in the Ecuadorian legal system. The most relevant results of the research revealed two illustrative cases that highlight the importance of considering the mental health of the accused in the judicial process and the need for greater awareness within the judicial system. Likewise, difficulties in identifying mental disorders were recognized, emphasizing the need to address deficiencies in legislation and professional training to ensure a more equitable and effective legal system for people with mental disorders.
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Keywords
Salud mental, Inimputabilidad, Dificultades procesales, Trastornos mentales