Evaluación agronómica de tres variedades de arveja de amarre a tres diferentes pisos altitudinales
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La provincia del Carchi es considerada como una de las provincias agropecuarias más importantes de la zona norte del país, donde la principal fuente de ingresos de sus habitantes se enfoca en la ganadería de leche y el cultivo de papa. El Carchi presenta varios microclimas los cuales favorecen la producción de variedad de cultivos, uno de estos es el cultivo de arveja de amarre, considerada como el segundo en importancia luego del cultivo de papa, sobre todo en la zona norte de la provincia. El cultivo de arveja es muy versátil, el cual mantiene su productividad en varias zonas de la provincia del Carchi, incluso donde el clima es cálido, sin embargo, no existen estudios que avalen la eficiencia y adaptación de este cultivo, por tanto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar 3 variedades de arveja de amarre San Isidro, Andina y Churosa, teniendo como variables de estudio: comportamiento agronómico por medio de 4 etapas dentro de la escala BBCH y rendimiento (t.ha-1 ), a diferentes pisos altitudinales, siendo estos El Colorado 2840 m s.n.m.; Cuesaca 2663 m s.n.m. y Cunquer 2272 m s.n.m. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que en todos los pisos altitudinales las variedades se adaptaron, sin embargo, fue en Cunquer donde se tuvo una mejor producción de este cultivo con 16, 91 t. ha-1 , seguido por Cuesaca con una producción de 11,92 t. ha-1 y El Colorado con 1,88 t.ha-1 . Así también el estudio fenológico en donde se evalúo la emergencia, comienzo del alargamiento del tallo, plena floración y formación de fruto, se obtuvo mejores resultados en Cunquer, el cual se destaca por presenta un ambiente cálido con una temperatura media de 20,54 °C, lo cual está directamente relacionado con el rendimiento, tanto en vaina como en grano.
The province of Carchi is considered one of the most important agricultural provinces in the north of the country, where the main source of income for its inhabitants is focused on dairy farming and potato cultivation. El Carchi presents several microclimates which favor the production of a variety of crops, one of these is the cultivation of mooring peas, considered the second in importance after potato cultivation, especially in the northern part of the province. The pea crop is very versatile, which maintains its productivity in various areas of the Carchi province, even where the climate is warm, however, there are no studies that support the efficiency and adaptation of this crop, therefore, the present The objective of the research was to evaluate 3 varieties of mooring peas San Isidro, Andina and Churosa, having as study variables: agronomic behavior through 4 stages within the BBCH scale and yield (t.ha-1 ), at different altitudinal floors, being these El Colorado 2840 m a.s.l.; Cuesaca 2663 m.a.s.l. and Cunquer 2272 m a.s.l. The results obtained show that in all altitudinal floors the varieties were adapted, however, it was in Cunquer where there was a better production of this crop with 16.91 t.ha-1 , followed by Cuesaca with a production of 11.92 t.ha-1 and El Colorado with 1.88 t.ha-1 . Likewise, the phenological study where the emergence, beginning of the elongation of the stem, full flowering and fruit formation was evaluated, the best results were obtained in Cunquer, which stands out for presenting a warm environment with an average temperature of 20.54 ° C, which is directly related to yield, both in pod and grain.
The province of Carchi is considered one of the most important agricultural provinces in the north of the country, where the main source of income for its inhabitants is focused on dairy farming and potato cultivation. El Carchi presents several microclimates which favor the production of a variety of crops, one of these is the cultivation of mooring peas, considered the second in importance after potato cultivation, especially in the northern part of the province. The pea crop is very versatile, which maintains its productivity in various areas of the Carchi province, even where the climate is warm, however, there are no studies that support the efficiency and adaptation of this crop, therefore, the present The objective of the research was to evaluate 3 varieties of mooring peas San Isidro, Andina and Churosa, having as study variables: agronomic behavior through 4 stages within the BBCH scale and yield (t.ha-1 ), at different altitudinal floors, being these El Colorado 2840 m a.s.l.; Cuesaca 2663 m.a.s.l. and Cunquer 2272 m a.s.l. The results obtained show that in all altitudinal floors the varieties were adapted, however, it was in Cunquer where there was a better production of this crop with 16.91 t.ha-1 , followed by Cuesaca with a production of 11.92 t.ha-1 and El Colorado with 1.88 t.ha-1 . Likewise, the phenological study where the emergence, beginning of the elongation of the stem, full flowering and fruit formation was evaluated, the best results were obtained in Cunquer, which stands out for presenting a warm environment with an average temperature of 20.54 ° C, which is directly related to yield, both in pod and grain.
Description
Keywords
Arveja, Piso altitudinal, Altura de planta, Comportamiento agronómico, Rendimiento, Evaluación