Evaluación de dos probióticos (Lactobacillus spp. y Bacillus clausii) en la prevención de problemas gastrointestinales en terneros mestizos hasta los tres meses de edad
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
A nivel mundial, dentro de la ganadería la enfermedad que provoca la mayoría de las pérdidas económicas y de animales son los problemas gastrointestinales en terneros en la etapa de lactancia, se pueden enfermar más del 90% de neonatos, en el Ecuador la crianza de terneros, es probablemente la etapa más difícil produciéndose tasas de mortalidad de 18 al 28% y destete efectivo de 84%, una solución a esta problemática es buscar estrategias que permitan incrementar las defensas contra organismos patógenos causantes de diarreas que no implique el uso de antibióticos, una de las alternativas más comprometedoras es el uso de probióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos probióticos Lactobacillus spp. y Bacillus clausii, en la prevención de problemas gastrointestinales de terneros mestizos hasta los tres meses de edad. La fase experimental de esta investigación se llevó a cabo en el sector de Casa Grande, parroquia de Julio Andrade, cantón Tulcán, provincia del Carchi. La investigación se realizó bajo un modelo experimental DCA con 4 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, para ello se emplearon 16 terneros mestizos de 5 días de edad en donde cada unidad experimental estaba compuesta por 1 ternero, cada ternero permaneció estabulado en una área de 1.5 metros cuadrados, donde a dos tratamientos se administró por cada probiótico 10 ml, para el tercer tratamiento se propuso administrar un antidiarréico zulfadiazina + trimetropin y el cuarto fue un testigo (solo leche), la administración de los probióticos y el antidiarréico se la realizó cada 15 días. Los resultados de la investigación se fundamentan en la variables de peso vivo del animal, altura de la cruz y la incidencia de diarreas semanalmente, además de las actividades complemetarias como hisopados rectales para realizar cultivos de bacterias patógenas y bacterias benéficas, de tal manera poder identificar exclusión competitiva.Una vez concluido el estudio se evidencian los beneficios sobre las variables evaluadas tras la administración de probióticos mejorando los parámetros productivos obteniendo un peso promedio de 81,32 Kg y una altura de cruz de 90,95 como el resultado mas favorable para el tratamiento 1 , al igual que se tuvo menor incidencia de diarreas de 0%. De esta manera los resultados demuestran que la administración de probióticos mejora los parámetros productivos de los terneros.
Worldwide, the disease that causes most economic and animal losses are gastrointestinal problems in calves during lactation, more than 90% of newborns can get sick, in Ecuador calf rearing is probably the most difficult stage producing mortality rates of 18 to 28% and effective weaning of 84%, a solution to this problem is to seek strategies that increase defenses against pathogenic organisms that cause diarrhea that do not involve the use of antibiotics, one of the most compromising is the use of probiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus clausii, in the prevention of gastrointestinal problems in crossbred calves up to three months of age. The experimental phase of this research was carried out in the Casa Grande sector, Julio Andrade parish, Tulcán canton, Carchi province. The investigation was carried out under an experimental DCA model with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions, for which 16 crossbreed calves of 5 days of age were used, where each experimental unit was composed of 1 calf, each calf remained stabled in an area of 1.5 square meters. , where 10 ml was administered for each probiotic for two treatments, for the third treatment an antidiarrheal zulfadiazine + trimetropin will begin to be administered and the fourth was a control (milk only), the administration of the probiotics and the antidiarrheal will be carried out every 15 days . The results of the investigation are based on the variables of live weight of the animal, height of the withers and the incidence of weekly diarrhea, in addition to complementary activities such as anal swabs to carry out cultures of pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria, in such a way as to be able to identify competitive exclusion. Once the study is completed, the benefits on the variables evaluated after the administration of probiotics are evident, improving the productive parameters, obtaining an average weight of 81.32 Kg and a height of withers of 90.95 as the most favorable result for the treatment 1, when just as there was a lower incidence of diarrhea of 0%. In this way, the results show that the administration of probiotics improves the productive parameters of calves.
Worldwide, the disease that causes most economic and animal losses are gastrointestinal problems in calves during lactation, more than 90% of newborns can get sick, in Ecuador calf rearing is probably the most difficult stage producing mortality rates of 18 to 28% and effective weaning of 84%, a solution to this problem is to seek strategies that increase defenses against pathogenic organisms that cause diarrhea that do not involve the use of antibiotics, one of the most compromising is the use of probiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus clausii, in the prevention of gastrointestinal problems in crossbred calves up to three months of age. The experimental phase of this research was carried out in the Casa Grande sector, Julio Andrade parish, Tulcán canton, Carchi province. The investigation was carried out under an experimental DCA model with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions, for which 16 crossbreed calves of 5 days of age were used, where each experimental unit was composed of 1 calf, each calf remained stabled in an area of 1.5 square meters. , where 10 ml was administered for each probiotic for two treatments, for the third treatment an antidiarrheal zulfadiazine + trimetropin will begin to be administered and the fourth was a control (milk only), the administration of the probiotics and the antidiarrheal will be carried out every 15 days . The results of the investigation are based on the variables of live weight of the animal, height of the withers and the incidence of weekly diarrhea, in addition to complementary activities such as anal swabs to carry out cultures of pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria, in such a way as to be able to identify competitive exclusion. Once the study is completed, the benefits on the variables evaluated after the administration of probiotics are evident, improving the productive parameters, obtaining an average weight of 81.32 Kg and a height of withers of 90.95 as the most favorable result for the treatment 1, when just as there was a lower incidence of diarrhea of 0%. In this way, the results show that the administration of probiotics improves the productive parameters of calves.
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Keywords
Lactobacillus spp, Bacillus clausii, Terneros mestizos, Peso, Incidencia de diarreas