Las neurociencias como herramientas para el análisis de la culpabilidad en el ámbito penal ecuatoriano
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Dentro del Derecho Penal, entre sus funciones y en uno de sus ámbitos de aplicación se encuentra
la formulación de la Teoría del delito, siendo la culpabilidad una de sus categorías dogmáticas.
Para la afirmación de este parámetro es menester determinar la capacidad psíquica y volitiva del
infractor en el momento de los hechos, en este punto se da oportunidad de aplicación de las
neurociencias, la cual se preocupa por el estudio de la estructura del sistema nervioso, en aspectos
como lo son las emociones, la toma de decisiones, la determinación, la conciencia y las acciones
psicosociales, es decir la fuente de conducta. Se propone determinar la eficacia de las neurociencias
como herramienta para el análisis de culpabilidad del sujeto actor de un delito, dentro del ámbito
penal ecuatoriano; se aborda a las neurociencias y su posible enlace de aplicación dentro del
Sistema de Justicia penal ecuatoriano principalmente en relación al análisis de la culpabilidad,
llegando a ello mediante el método jurídico-exploratorio y deductivo, su importancia recae en el
conocimiento y entendimiento de los juristas hacia el tema. La utilización de las neurociencias en
vista de su objeto de estudio es de interés para el sistema jurídico penal ecuatoriano, especialmente
a favor del Principio de culpabilidad, así como para la determinación de la Teoría del delito, esto
en relación a la valoración de la capacidad psíquica y volitiva del infractor y determinación de su
culpabilidad.
Within Criminal Law, among its functions and in one of its fields of application is the formulation of the Theory of Crime, being guilt one of its dogmatic categories. For the affirmation of this parameter it is necessary to determine the psychic and volitional capacity of the offender at the time of the facts, at this point there is an opportunity to apply the Neurosciences, which is concerned with the study of the structure of the nervous system, in aspects such as emotions, decision making, determination, consciousness and psychosocial actions, i.e. the source of behavior. It is proposed to determine the effectiveness of Neurosciences as a tool for the analysis of guilt of the subject actor of a crime, within the Ecuadorian criminal field; Neurosciences are approached and their possible link of application within the Ecuadorian criminal justice system mainly in relation to the analysis of guilt, reaching it through the legal-exploratory and deductive method, its importance lies in the knowledge and understanding of the jurists towards the subject. The use of Neurosciences in view of its object of study is of interest for the Ecuadorian criminal legal system, especially in favor of the Principle of guilt, as well as for the determination of the Theory of the crime, this in relation to the valuation of the psychic and volitional capacity of the offender and determination of his guilt.
Within Criminal Law, among its functions and in one of its fields of application is the formulation of the Theory of Crime, being guilt one of its dogmatic categories. For the affirmation of this parameter it is necessary to determine the psychic and volitional capacity of the offender at the time of the facts, at this point there is an opportunity to apply the Neurosciences, which is concerned with the study of the structure of the nervous system, in aspects such as emotions, decision making, determination, consciousness and psychosocial actions, i.e. the source of behavior. It is proposed to determine the effectiveness of Neurosciences as a tool for the analysis of guilt of the subject actor of a crime, within the Ecuadorian criminal field; Neurosciences are approached and their possible link of application within the Ecuadorian criminal justice system mainly in relation to the analysis of guilt, reaching it through the legal-exploratory and deductive method, its importance lies in the knowledge and understanding of the jurists towards the subject. The use of Neurosciences in view of its object of study is of interest for the Ecuadorian criminal legal system, especially in favor of the Principle of guilt, as well as for the determination of the Theory of the crime, this in relation to the valuation of the psychic and volitional capacity of the offender and determination of his guilt.
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Keywords
Neurociencias, Derecho, Sistema, Nervioso