Disminución de la virulencia de bacterias patógenas que causan mastitis bovina con soluciones de apitoxina
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La mastitis, ha sido considerada como el padecimiento de tipo sanitario más importante y costoso del ganado bovino lechero, está considerada como el problema de salud más común, cuyas pérdidas representan la mitad de los costos totales de salud en las unidades de producción agropecuarias.
Esta investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de disminuir la virulencia de tres cepas de bacterias patógenas Gram positivas Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae y Escherichia coli con soluciones de apitoxina. Estas cepas bacterianas son las causantes de la mastitis clínica, enfermedad que ha venido causando, desde tiempo memorables, grandes pérdidas económicas en los ganaderos, debido al empleo de medicamentos que tarde o temprano hacen resistencia a dichas bacterias. Por ello se utilizó la apitoxina o veneno de abejas como una alternativa para el control de la mastitis. Se partió con el uso de 3 concentraciones de apitoxina 0,7 mg/ml, 0,8 mg/ml y 0,9 mg/ml en las bacterias ya mencionadas y se realizaron antibiogramas para poder establecer la CMI (concentración mínima inhibitoria) para luego determinar las unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) mediante diluciones seriadas, desde 101 hasta 109. Se utilizó un Diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con interacción A x B + 1, con tres repeticiones. Las variables de estudio fueron: halos de inhibición y Unidades formadoras de colonia. Los mejores resultados para CMI medidas a través de halos de inhibición fueron de 0,8 mg/ml para Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus agalactiae, mientras que para Escherichia coli la CMI que mejores resultados dio fue la de 0,9 mg/ml de apitoxina.
Mastitis, which has been considered the most important and costly health disease of dairy cattle, is considered the most common health problem, whose losses represent half of the total health costs in agricultural production units. This research was developed with the objective of reducing the virulence of three strains of Gram positive pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli with apitoxin solutions. These bacterial strains are the cause of clinical mastitis, a disease that has been causing, for a long time, great economic losses in farmers, due to the use of drugs that sooner or later make resistance to these bacteria. Therefore, apitoxin or bee venom was used as an alternative to control mastitis. It was started with the use of 3 concentrations of apitoxin 0,7 mg/ml, 0,8 mg/ml and 0,9 mg/ml in the aforementioned bacteria and antibiograms were performed to establish the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for later determine the colony forming units (CFU) by serial dilutions, from 101 to 109. A completely randomized design (DCA) with A x B + 1 interaction was used, with three repetitions. The study variables were: inhibition halos and colony-forming units. The best results for MIC measured through inhibition halos were 0,8 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, while for Escherichia coli the MIC that gave the best results was 0,9 mg/ml of apitoxin.
Mastitis, which has been considered the most important and costly health disease of dairy cattle, is considered the most common health problem, whose losses represent half of the total health costs in agricultural production units. This research was developed with the objective of reducing the virulence of three strains of Gram positive pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli with apitoxin solutions. These bacterial strains are the cause of clinical mastitis, a disease that has been causing, for a long time, great economic losses in farmers, due to the use of drugs that sooner or later make resistance to these bacteria. Therefore, apitoxin or bee venom was used as an alternative to control mastitis. It was started with the use of 3 concentrations of apitoxin 0,7 mg/ml, 0,8 mg/ml and 0,9 mg/ml in the aforementioned bacteria and antibiograms were performed to establish the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for later determine the colony forming units (CFU) by serial dilutions, from 101 to 109. A completely randomized design (DCA) with A x B + 1 interaction was used, with three repetitions. The study variables were: inhibition halos and colony-forming units. The best results for MIC measured through inhibition halos were 0,8 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, while for Escherichia coli the MIC that gave the best results was 0,9 mg/ml of apitoxin.
Description
Keywords
Apitoxina, Mastitis, Antibiograma, Bacterias patógenas