Estrategias de manejo de la especie invasora Rubus ellipticus, mediante la evaluación de la distribución y efectos en la provincia de Imbabura
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivos evaluar la distribución y efectos de la especie Rubus ellipticus Sm. comúnmente conocida como mora amarilla en la provincia de Imbabura, ya que esta maleza ha sido declarada como una de las especies más invasoras del mundo por un grupo de especialistas de especies exóticas invasoras de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). El estudio se realizó en 36 parroquias rurales de la provincia de Imbabura, con la información obtenida mediante la aplicación de registros de ocurrencia y encuestas a pobladores, como resultado se realizó un mapa de distribución donde se muestra 45 localidades identificadas con la presencia de la especie en todos los cantones de la provincia, teniéndose que Rubus ellipticus Sm. se encuentra en un rango altitudinal que va desde 1862 hasta los 2777 msnm. y además los cantones con mayor presencia son Ibarra, Otavalo y Pimampiro, seguido de Cotacachi, Urcuquí y Antonio Ante. Está presente en zonas semi húmedas y mesofíticas, en áreas disturbadas y también bosques. Los impactos producidos por la especie fueron evaluados aplicando una matriz de Leopold, y los principales efectos identificados son la invasión de tierras cultivadas, el desplazamiento de especies nativas, competencia por luz y alteración de crecimiento de otras especies vegetales, se determinó que el impacto negativo que presenta la especie Rubus ellipticus Sm. sobre el ecosistema posee una valoración de -2.60 que equivale a una magnitud media, para lo cual se propuso estrategias de manejo basadas en los impactos definidos, entre las cuales está el control de la propagación de la especie por medios manuales y mecánicos a través de herramientas y máquinas en donde se remueven las plántulas, en el caso de infestaciones de grandes extensiones se puede acudir al control químico a través del método de aspersión de herbicidas probados o por el método del tocón cortado. Su manejo en las áreas de estudio donde fue registrada requiere únicamente de la eliminación de los arbustos, o recurrir a la poda periódica.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the distribution and effects of the species Rubus ellipticus Sm. commonly known as yellow raspberry in the Province of Imbabura, since this weed has been declared as one of the most invasive species in the world by a group of specialists of invasive alien species of IUCN. The study was conducted in 36 rural parishes in the province of Imbabura, with the information obtained through the application of occurrence records and population surveys, as a result a distribution map was made showing 45 locations identified with the presence of the species in all the cantons of the province, having Rubus ellipticus Sm. is in an altitudinal range that goes from 1862 to 2777 meters and also the cantons with the greatest presence are Ibarra, Otavalo and Pimampiro, continued by Cotacachi, Urcuquí y Antonio Ante. It is present in semi-humid and mesophytic areas, in disturbed areas and also forests. The impacts produced by the species were evaluated by a Leopold matrix, and the main effects identified are the invasion of cultivated land, the displacement of native species, competition for light and alteration of growth of other plant species, it was determined that the negative impact that presents the species Rubus ellipticus Sm. on the ecosystem it has an assessment of -2.60 that is equivalent to an average magnitude, for which management strategies based on the defined impacts were proposed, among which is the control of the propagation of the species by manual and mechanical means through tools and machines where seedlings are removed, in the case of large-scale infestations, chemical control can be sought through the spray method of herbicides tested or by the cut stump method. Its management in the study areas where it was registered requires only the removal of the bushes, or resort to periodic pruning.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the distribution and effects of the species Rubus ellipticus Sm. commonly known as yellow raspberry in the Province of Imbabura, since this weed has been declared as one of the most invasive species in the world by a group of specialists of invasive alien species of IUCN. The study was conducted in 36 rural parishes in the province of Imbabura, with the information obtained through the application of occurrence records and population surveys, as a result a distribution map was made showing 45 locations identified with the presence of the species in all the cantons of the province, having Rubus ellipticus Sm. is in an altitudinal range that goes from 1862 to 2777 meters and also the cantons with the greatest presence are Ibarra, Otavalo and Pimampiro, continued by Cotacachi, Urcuquí y Antonio Ante. It is present in semi-humid and mesophytic areas, in disturbed areas and also forests. The impacts produced by the species were evaluated by a Leopold matrix, and the main effects identified are the invasion of cultivated land, the displacement of native species, competition for light and alteration of growth of other plant species, it was determined that the negative impact that presents the species Rubus ellipticus Sm. on the ecosystem it has an assessment of -2.60 that is equivalent to an average magnitude, for which management strategies based on the defined impacts were proposed, among which is the control of the propagation of the species by manual and mechanical means through tools and machines where seedlings are removed, in the case of large-scale infestations, chemical control can be sought through the spray method of herbicides tested or by the cut stump method. Its management in the study areas where it was registered requires only the removal of the bushes, or resort to periodic pruning.
Description
Keywords
Impactos, Estrategias, Rubus ellipticus