Evaluación de la influencia e impactos que ejercen las plantaciones de pinos en el sistema hídrico del ecosistema páramo del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas (PNCCa)
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Los páramos del Ecuador son considerados de suma importancia debido a que regulan los ciclos hídricos, así como también se encuentra conformado por una gran variedad de biodiversidad, en la actualidad los mismos se ven afectados por la introducción de especies forestales los cuales han sido dañinos para el ecosistema, el presente estudio se basó en determinar la Calidad de Agua que se encuentra en el páramo de Morochos del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas (PNCCa) tomando en cuenta el análisis de diferentes factores como caudales ecológicos, caracterización físico química y microbiológica del agua, compuestos derivados de la presencia de pinos en el sitio como son: grasas, aceites y compuestos terpénicos así como el ICA (Índice de Calidad del Agua) de esta manera se llegó a responder a todos objetivos planteados.
La investigación inició con un diagnóstico previo del lugar para determinar los puntos de muestreo de agua de mayor importancia, una vez establecidos se evaluaron los análisis considerados en el ICA: Coliformes fecales, pH, DBO5, fosfatos, nitratos, temperatura, turbidez, sólidos totales disueltos (TDS) y oxígeno disuelto (OD), mismos que permitieron identificar de manera precisa la calidad del agua del ecosistema páramo del PNCCa, que en este caso se obtuvo un valor de 73,46 en la escala de Brown, considerada como buena, este dato se validó con el programa Water Research encontrando los mismos valores. Debemos mencionar que la zona media donde existe el bosque de pinos arrojó un valor ICA de 70,05 en la misma escala, considerada como regular, lo que evidencia la afectación de la calidad del agua debido a la presencia de esta especie.
The moorlands of Ecuador are considered of utmost importance because they regulate water cycles, as well as being formed by a great variety of biodiversity, currently they are affected by the introduction of forest species which have been harmful to the ecosystem, The present study was based on determining the quality of water found in the Morochos moorland of the Cotacachi Cayapas National Park (PNCCa) taking into account the analysis of different factors such as ecological flows, physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of the water, compounds derived from the presence of pine trees on the site such as fats: oils and terpenic compounds as well as the ICA (Water Quality Index) in this way we were able to respond to all the objectives set. The research began with a previous diagnosis of the site to determine the most important water sampling points. Once established, the analyses considered in the AQI were evaluated: fecal coliforms, pH, BOD5, phosphates, nitrates, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO), which allowed us to precisely identify the water quality of the moorland ecosystem of the PNCCa, which in this case was obtained with a value of 73,46. This data was validated with the Water Research program and the same values were found. We should mention that the middle zone where the pine forest exists yielded an AQI value of 70,05 considered as regular, which shows the affectation of the water quality due to the presence of this species.
The moorlands of Ecuador are considered of utmost importance because they regulate water cycles, as well as being formed by a great variety of biodiversity, currently they are affected by the introduction of forest species which have been harmful to the ecosystem, The present study was based on determining the quality of water found in the Morochos moorland of the Cotacachi Cayapas National Park (PNCCa) taking into account the analysis of different factors such as ecological flows, physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of the water, compounds derived from the presence of pine trees on the site such as fats: oils and terpenic compounds as well as the ICA (Water Quality Index) in this way we were able to respond to all the objectives set. The research began with a previous diagnosis of the site to determine the most important water sampling points. Once established, the analyses considered in the AQI were evaluated: fecal coliforms, pH, BOD5, phosphates, nitrates, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO), which allowed us to precisely identify the water quality of the moorland ecosystem of the PNCCa, which in this case was obtained with a value of 73,46. This data was validated with the Water Research program and the same values were found. We should mention that the middle zone where the pine forest exists yielded an AQI value of 70,05 considered as regular, which shows the affectation of the water quality due to the presence of this species.
Description
Keywords
Páramo, Pinos, Sistema hídrico, Parque nacional