Dispersión de la contaminación acústica en la ciudad de Ibarra su relación con la salud
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La contaminación acústica se produce debido a las actividades que se llevan a cabo en las ciudades, especialmente en áreas urbanizadas. La ciudad de Ibarra presenta altos niveles de ruido, este contaminante se dispersa con las condiciones meteorológicas del medio y no sólo altera la tranquilidad del entorno, sino que también causa afecciones al aparato auditivo, es así que este trabajo se basa en determinar la dispersión de la contaminación acústica en la ciudad de Ibarra, utilizando las condiciones meteorológicas para la evaluación de la salud auditiva de sus habitantes. Esta investigación pretende determinar cómo se ve influenciada la contaminación acústica por los factores meteorológicos, tales como la velocidad del viento, humedad relativa y temperatura, siendo este último el que influye significativamente en la dispersión del ruido. El primer objetivo fue la identificación de los puntos críticos expuestos a la contaminación. Con los resultados obtenidos se procedió a realizar el segundo objetivo el cual fue monitorear los parámetros meteorológicos y niveles de presión sonora equivalente en los puntos de conflicto y comparar con lo estipulado en el Acuerdo Ministerial 97 Registro Oficial Edición Especial 387, concluyendo que sólo el 7 % de los puntos muestreados cumplen con los límites máximos permisibles de la normativa ambiental vigente. Finalmente, para cumplir con el tercer objetivo que es correlacionar la dispersión de la contaminación acústica con posibles problemas auditivos de los habitantes, se realizaron pruebas de correlación entre las enfermedades auditivas específicamente hipoacusia y tinnitus de las encuestas realizadas a la población de las tres parroquias de estudio y los niveles de contaminación acústica, llegando a la conclusión que existe una correlación positiva entre las enfermedades de hipoacusia y tinnitus y los niveles de Lkeq (dB), en consecuencia, la capacidad auditiva se ve afectada de una manera progresiva y acumulativa debido a la contaminación acústica presente en el entorno social.
Noise pollution is produces for own activities carried out in cities, especially in urbanized areas. The city of Ibarra has high levels of noise, this pollutant is dispersed with the meteorological conditions of the environment and it does not only disturb the peace of the environment, but also it produces affections to the hearing system, in fact, this work is based on determining the dispersion of noise pollution in the city of Ibarra, using meteorological conditions to evaluate the hearing health of its habitants. As mentioned, this research pretends to determine how noise pollution is influenced by meteorological factors, such as wind speed, relative humidity and temperature, being the last factor the most important in the dispersion on the noise pollution. The first objective was to identify the critical points exposed to pollution. With the results gotten the second objective is carried out, which is to monitor the meteorological parameters and equivalent sound pressure levels in conflict points based on what is stipulated in the environmental regulations, concluding that only 7% of the sampled points comply with the maximum permissible limits of environmental regulations. Finally, to complete the third objective, which is to correlate the dispersion of noise pollution with possible hearing problems of the habitants, correlation tests were carried out between additive diseases specifically hearing loss and tinnitus from the surveys carried out on the population of the three study parishes and the levels of noise pollution, that it means, that there is a positive correlation between the diseases of hearing loss and tinnitus and the levels of Lkeq (dB), consequently, the hearing capacity is affected in a progressive and cumulative way because the noise pollution is present in the social environment.
Noise pollution is produces for own activities carried out in cities, especially in urbanized areas. The city of Ibarra has high levels of noise, this pollutant is dispersed with the meteorological conditions of the environment and it does not only disturb the peace of the environment, but also it produces affections to the hearing system, in fact, this work is based on determining the dispersion of noise pollution in the city of Ibarra, using meteorological conditions to evaluate the hearing health of its habitants. As mentioned, this research pretends to determine how noise pollution is influenced by meteorological factors, such as wind speed, relative humidity and temperature, being the last factor the most important in the dispersion on the noise pollution. The first objective was to identify the critical points exposed to pollution. With the results gotten the second objective is carried out, which is to monitor the meteorological parameters and equivalent sound pressure levels in conflict points based on what is stipulated in the environmental regulations, concluding that only 7% of the sampled points comply with the maximum permissible limits of environmental regulations. Finally, to complete the third objective, which is to correlate the dispersion of noise pollution with possible hearing problems of the habitants, correlation tests were carried out between additive diseases specifically hearing loss and tinnitus from the surveys carried out on the population of the three study parishes and the levels of noise pollution, that it means, that there is a positive correlation between the diseases of hearing loss and tinnitus and the levels of Lkeq (dB), consequently, the hearing capacity is affected in a progressive and cumulative way because the noise pollution is present in the social environment.
Description
Keywords
Dispersión, Afecciones, Ruido, Condiciones meteorológicas