Evaluación de sostenibilidad del cultivo de frutilla bajo el sistema aeropónico en comparación del sistema tradicional
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La frutilla es el tercer producto más importante de producción en las comunidades aledañas al lago San Pablo, en el cantón Otavalo, provincia de Imbabura; sin embargo, la baja rentabilidad de producción de frutilla es debido al empirismo con el que se maneja el cultivo en la zona, los agricultores no consideran la sostenibilidad, especialmente al momento de realizar labores con agroquímicos. Una solución ante esto es implementar un sistema de producción alternativo sostenible, con la finalidad de mejorar el rendimiento en cuanto a indicadores de sostenibilidad. El objetivo general de este estudio fue evaluar la sostenibilidad del cultivo de frutilla (Fragaria ananassa) bajo el sistema aeropónico en comparación al sistema tradicional en función de un análisis de sostenibilidad ambiental, económico, social y de buena gobernanza. Para el desarrollo del estudio se utilizó la metodología de análisis de sostenibilidad, mediante la utilización del software SAFA Evaluación de la Sostenibilidad para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (por sus siglas en inglés). Esta herramienta considera fundamentalmente dimensiones de la sostenibilidad: ambiental, económica, social y de buena gobernanza, las cuales fueron analizadas en los dos tipos de sistemas de producción para el cultivo de frutilla y así obtener un enfoque amplio de la eficacia de los dos sistemas de producción. Para llevar a cabo este análisis se desarrollaron encuestas a doce productores de la parroquia de González Suárez, y se determinó el nivel de sostenibilidad de cada sistema de producción de frutilla (aeropónico y tradicional). Los resultados más relevantes demuestran que la aeroponía resulta ser más sostenible en tres de los indicadores evaluados, frente al sistema tradicional. Esta investigación realizada en forma bibliográfica, evidencia la potencialidad del sistema aeropónico en términos de sostenibilidad al influir altamente en la reducción de impactos ambientales, capacidad de producción a gran escala y de calidad, generación de ingresos y empleo, fortalecimiento del desarrollo local, y mayor participación social.
The strawberry is the third most important product of production in the communities surrounding Lake San Pablo, in the Otavalo canton, Imbabura province. However, the low profitability of strawberry production is due to the empiricism with which the crop is managed in the area, farmers do not consider sustainability, especially when carrying out work with agrochemicals. A solution to this is to implement a sustainable alternative production system, in order to improve performance in terms of sustainability indicators. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of the strawberry crop (Fragaria ananassa) under the aeroponic system in comparison with the traditional system based on an analysis of environmental, economic, social and good governance sustainability. For the development of the study, the sustainability analysis methodology was used, using the SAFA software Sustainability Assessment for Food and Agriculture (for its acronym in English). This tool fundamentally considers dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, social and good governance, which were analyzed in two types of production systems for strawberry cultivation and thus obtain a broad approach to the effectiveness of the two production systems. To carry out this analysis, surveys were carried out with twelve producers in the parish of González Suárez, and the level of sustainability of each strawberry production system (aeroponic and traditional) was determined. The most relevant results show that aeroponics turns out to be more sustainable in three of the indicators evaluated, compared to the traditional system. This research, carried out in bibliographic form, shows the potential of the aeroponic system in terms of sustainability by highly influencing the reduction of environmental impacts, large-scale production capacity and quality, generation of income and employment, strengthening of local development, and greater social participation.
The strawberry is the third most important product of production in the communities surrounding Lake San Pablo, in the Otavalo canton, Imbabura province. However, the low profitability of strawberry production is due to the empiricism with which the crop is managed in the area, farmers do not consider sustainability, especially when carrying out work with agrochemicals. A solution to this is to implement a sustainable alternative production system, in order to improve performance in terms of sustainability indicators. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of the strawberry crop (Fragaria ananassa) under the aeroponic system in comparison with the traditional system based on an analysis of environmental, economic, social and good governance sustainability. For the development of the study, the sustainability analysis methodology was used, using the SAFA software Sustainability Assessment for Food and Agriculture (for its acronym in English). This tool fundamentally considers dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, social and good governance, which were analyzed in two types of production systems for strawberry cultivation and thus obtain a broad approach to the effectiveness of the two production systems. To carry out this analysis, surveys were carried out with twelve producers in the parish of González Suárez, and the level of sustainability of each strawberry production system (aeroponic and traditional) was determined. The most relevant results show that aeroponics turns out to be more sustainable in three of the indicators evaluated, compared to the traditional system. This research, carried out in bibliographic form, shows the potential of the aeroponic system in terms of sustainability by highly influencing the reduction of environmental impacts, large-scale production capacity and quality, generation of income and employment, strengthening of local development, and greater social participation.
Description
Keywords
Sostenibilidad, Aeropónico, Producción, Fragaria ananassa