MAESTRÍA EN AGRONOMÍA

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Browsing MAESTRÍA EN AGRONOMÍA by Author "Mafla Andrade, Santiago Xavier"

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    Efecto de Trichoderma spp. en el establecimiento inicial de dos variedades de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum), Biloxi y Emerald, bajo cubierta y polisombra en condiciones alto andinas (2937 msnm, Ecuador)
    (PUCE - Ibarra, 2026) Chicaiza Toapanta, John Klever; Mafla Andrade, Santiago Xavier
    El arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) es un frutal de alto valor nutricional con creciente demanda comercial. El uso de Trichoderma spp.se ha consolidado como alternativa sostenible al reducir agroquímicos, promover crecimiento vegetal e inducir resistencia sistémica. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de Trichoderma spp.(cepa comercial T-22, 1×10¹⁰ UFC/ml) sobre el establecimiento inicial (90 días post-trasplante) de dos variedades de arándano (Biloxi y Emerald) bajo dos sistemas de protección (cubierta plástica y polisombra 65%) a 2937 msnm en Imbabura, Ecuador. Se aplicó un diseño factorial 2×2×2 completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones (planta individual como unidad experimental), evaluando: altura, diámetro basal, número de brotes, índice SPAD, longitud de raíz y estado fitosanitario. Hipótesis: La inoculación con Trichoderma spp.mejorará significativamente el crecimiento vegetativo y la respuesta fisiológica (SPAD), con efecto diferencial según variedad y sistema de protección. Los resultados mostraron efecto significativo de la inoculación sobre SPAD (incremento del 59.2% bajo polisombra en la variedad Emerald: TP2 = 55.83 vs. TSP2 = 35.07 en testigo, p0.05) ni estado fitosanitario. Se concluye que Trichoderma spp.favorece el establecimiento inicial de arándano a 2937 msnm, especialmente bajo polisombra, aunque se requiere replicación de estructuras para validar definitivamente el efecto del sistema de protección.
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    Testing bacterial inocula isolated from the rhizosphere of Theobroma gileri trees as an alternative for biological fertilization of Theobroma cacao seedlings
    (PUCE - Ibarra, 2026) Hidalgo Bermeo, Nataly Eliseth; Mafla Andrade, Santiago Xavier
    We tested for the first time whether bacterial inocula isolated from the rhizosphere of Theobroma gileri trees—a wild relative of cacao—harbors diverse bacterial communities with potential to act as biofertilizers of Theobroma cacao seedlings, thus helping to reduce the overdrive of chemical fertilizers. Inocula enriched in N-fixing bacteria were prepared from the soil rhizosphere of T. gileri trees growing on primary forest soil (IPS replicates) and secondary forest soil (ISS replicates). Metagenomic analysis, based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, revealed 175 genus-level clades in total, with 67 genus-level clades exclusive to IPS and 39 genus-level clades exclusive to ISS. In silico analyses designed to search for nif genes (known to express N-fixing function) recognized 47 genus-level clades as potential N-fixing bacteria; these included several species of Clostridium (anaerobic N-fixing bacteria relatively common in IPS replicates) and Azotobacter (aerobic N-fixing bacteria very common in ISS replicates). To assess the effect of bacterial inocula versus urea on the growth of cacao seedlings (CCN-51 variety), a 63-day greenhouse pilot experiment was set up using a two-way ANOVA design, with inoculum origin as first factor (three levels: IPS, ISS, and no-inoculum [control]) and urea fertilization as second factor (two levels: presence or absence [control] of urea). Response variables were plant survival (%), height change (mm/week), diameter change (mm/week), and chlorophyll index change (SPAD units/week). Seedlings under treatments with bacterial inocula had no mortality, while those with urea-only treatment exhibited 40% survival rate. Although no significant effects (at α=0.10) were detected for any response variable, the urea factor influenced almost significantly on height (F=2.41, P=0.14) and chlorophyll index (F=2.66, P=0.12). In conclusion, bacterial inocula isolated from the rhizosphere of T. gileri do not seem to have an evident effect on T. cacao seedlings growth, although may be beneficial to assure seedling survival.