Uso de dos retardadores de maduración (nanoemulsión de cera de carnaúba y triacilgliceroles) para mejorar la postcosecha del pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivado bajo condiciones de campo abierto
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
A nivel mundial, la producción agrícola destinada a la demandante alimentación humana sufre pérdidas tanto a nivel de campo, como en los procesos de almacenamiento, transporte y anaquel. En ese contexto urge la necesidad de implementar tecnologías que permitan minimizar las pérdidas tanto a nivel de campo como en procesos postcosecha. El proyecto de investigación desarrollado tiene como propósito evaluar dos retardantes de maduración en el manejo postcosecha del pimiento verde (Capsicum annuum L. cv Martha), como una estrategia de alargamiento del tiempo de vida en anaquel del producto. Para el efecto, se evaluaron dos productos comerciales: el uno formulado con triacilgliceroles y el otro en base a cera de carnaúba, frente a un testigo absoluto. Los tratamientos se aplicaron al pimiento por inmersión y se midieron las variables: Peso, Firmeza y Color en cuatro oportunidades: en los días 0, 5, 10 y 15. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se puede mencionar que la variable peso, medida entre los 0 a los 15 días mostró una pérdida lineal tanto para los tratamientos T1 y T2 como en el testigo absoluto T3, con coeficientes de determinación que van entre R2=0,996 a R2=1. El tratamiento T3 fue el que al final reportó la mayor pérdida de peso (24,89 g) frente a los tratamientos T1 (21,58 g) y T2 (22,92 g) presentando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa frente a los demás tratamientos. El cambio en la variable color también fue significativo en el día 15, cuando se verificó un índice de color de 14,44 y 14,40 de los tratamientos T1 y T2 cuyo ingrediente son los retardantes de madurez, que se mostraron superiores al testigo T3 que mostró un índice de color de 11,42 al final del ensayo. En este caso, la diferencia estadística fue altamente significativa. Vistos los resultados se concluyó que los tratamientos que menos pérdida de peso y de color presentaron fueron T1 y T2, con los retardantes de madurez utilizados. La variable firmeza no presentó diferencias significativas, pero su pérdida a través del tiempo también fue lineal con coeficientes de determinación que van entre R2=0,987 a R2=0,997. Se añade además que no existió podredumbre de frutos durante el tiempo del ensayo.
Worldwide, the agricultural production destined for human feeding suffers losses in the crop field, as well as in storage, transport and shelf-life processes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement technologies to minimize losses both at the field and in post-harvest processes. The purpose of the research project is to evaluate two ripening retardants in the postharvest handling of green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Martha), as a strategy to lengthen the shelf-life of the product. For this purpose, two commercial products were evaluated: one formulated with triacylglycerols and the other based on carnauba wax, against an absolute control. The treatments were applied to the bell pepper by immersion and the variables: weight, firmness and color were measured on four times: on days 0, 5, 10 and 15. Among the results obtained, it can be mentioned that the weight variable, measured between 0 and 15 days, showed a linear loss for treatments T1 and T2 as well as in the absolute control T3, with coefficients of determination ranging from R2=0.996 to R2=1. Treatment T3 was the one that at the end reported the greatest weight loss (24.89 g) compared to the T1 (21.58 g) and T2 (22.92 g) treatments, presenting a statistically significant difference compared to the other treatments. The change in the color was also significant on day 15, a color index of 14,44 and 14,40 was verified for treatments T1 and T2 with the two ripening retardants, which were superior to the control T3, which showed a color index of 11,42 at the end of the trial. In this case, the statistical difference was highly significant. In view of the results, it was concluded that the treatment with the least loss of weight and color was T1, triacylglycerols. The firmness variable did not show significant differences, but its loss over time was also linear with coefficients of determination ranging from R2=0.987 to R2=0.997. It should also be added that there was no fruit rot during the trial.
Worldwide, the agricultural production destined for human feeding suffers losses in the crop field, as well as in storage, transport and shelf-life processes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement technologies to minimize losses both at the field and in post-harvest processes. The purpose of the research project is to evaluate two ripening retardants in the postharvest handling of green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Martha), as a strategy to lengthen the shelf-life of the product. For this purpose, two commercial products were evaluated: one formulated with triacylglycerols and the other based on carnauba wax, against an absolute control. The treatments were applied to the bell pepper by immersion and the variables: weight, firmness and color were measured on four times: on days 0, 5, 10 and 15. Among the results obtained, it can be mentioned that the weight variable, measured between 0 and 15 days, showed a linear loss for treatments T1 and T2 as well as in the absolute control T3, with coefficients of determination ranging from R2=0.996 to R2=1. Treatment T3 was the one that at the end reported the greatest weight loss (24.89 g) compared to the T1 (21.58 g) and T2 (22.92 g) treatments, presenting a statistically significant difference compared to the other treatments. The change in the color was also significant on day 15, a color index of 14,44 and 14,40 was verified for treatments T1 and T2 with the two ripening retardants, which were superior to the control T3, which showed a color index of 11,42 at the end of the trial. In this case, the statistical difference was highly significant. In view of the results, it was concluded that the treatment with the least loss of weight and color was T1, triacylglycerols. The firmness variable did not show significant differences, but its loss over time was also linear with coefficients of determination ranging from R2=0.987 to R2=0.997. It should also be added that there was no fruit rot during the trial.
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Keywords
Postcosecha, Retardantes de maduración, Triacilgliceroles, Carnaúba, Pimiento