Estrategias de restauración ambiental en ecosistemas fragmentados en la parroquia 6 de Julio - Cuellaje, cantón Cotacachi
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Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Se realizó un análisis multitemporal del uso del suelo y cobertura vegetal de los años 1987, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2009, y 2017 del territorio de la parroquia 6 de Julio-Cuellaje, ubicada en el cantón Cotacachi – Provincia de Imbabura, con una superficie de 17 369,14 ha, en un rango altitudinal de 1800-3400 msnm. Se emplearon imágenes del satélite Landsat, sensores TM (Temathic Mapper), ETM+ (Enhanced Temathic Mapper Plus) y OLI (Operational Land Imager) para realizar la clasificación supervisada de las imágenes con las categorías de bosque nativo, pastos, cultivos, y páramo; además se aplicaron encuestas a los pobladores de la parroquia para obtener información de cambios de uso del suelo y cobertura vegetal. Se encontró que la tasa de deforestación en la parroquia fue de -0,468; este valor indica que existieron pérdidas altas de bosque nativo en el período de análisis de 30 años que fue de 5 935,35 ha, que equivale a 197,84 ha/año. En la validación de la clasificación supervisada de imágenes se obtuvo un valor de índice kappa de 0,603, que corresponde a una validación considerable. Finalmente se propone una estrategia de restauración ambiental de la cobertura vegetal boscosa en la parroquia 6 de Julio-Cuellaje para garantizar el flujo de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos del territorio, y tres proyectos principales que son: la forestación y reforestación con fines de protección de agua; educación ambiental dirigida a niños, jóvenes y adultos de la parroquia y capacitación en temas de conservación del recurso bosque; y la ejecución de emprendimientos locales mediante la creación de microempresas agropecuarias y turismo comunitario, los proyectos mencionados permitirán cumplir objetivos de protección, conservación, y mitigación de las áreas afectadas por procesos de deforestación y fragmentación en el territorio parroquial, para lo cual se establece la participación de entidades gubernamentales como el MAE, MAG, Prefectura de Imbabura, Ministerio de Educación, GAD Cantonal Santa Ana de Cotacachi, GAD Parroquial 6 de Julio-Cuellaje.
A multitemporal analysis of land use and vegetation cover of the years 1987, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2009 and 2017 of the territory of the 6 de Julio-Cuellaje parish was carried out, located in Cotacachi canton - Province of Imbabura. surface area of 17 369,14 ha, in an altitudinal range of 1800-3400 masl. Images from the Landsat satellite, TM (Temathic Mapper), ETM + (Enhanced Temathic Mapper Plus) and OLI (Operational Land Imager) were used to perform the supervised classification of the images with the categories of native forest, pastures, crops and páramo; In addition, surveys were applied to the inhabitants of the parish to obtain information on changes in land use and vegetation cover. It was found that the rate of deforestation in the parish was -0,468; this value indicates that there were large losses of native forest in the 30-year analysis period, which was 5 935,35 ha, which is equivalent to 197,84 ha / year. In the validation of the supervised classification of images, a kappa index value of 0,603 was obtained, which corresponds to a considerable validation. Finally, a strategy of environmental restoration of the forest cover in the 6 de Julio-Cuellaje parish is proposed to guarantee the flow of goods and ecosystem services of the territory, and three main projects are: reforestation and reforestation for water protection purposes; environmental education aimed at children, youth and adults of the parish and training in issues of conservation of forest resources; and the execution of local businesses through the creation of agricultural microenterprises and community tourism, the aforementioned projects will allow the fulfillment of the objectives of protection, conservation and mitigation of the areas affected by deforestation and fragmentation processes in the parish territory. which will have the participation of the government entities such as MAE, MAG, Prefecture of Imbabura, Ministry of Education, GAD Cantonal Santa Ana de Cotacachi, GAD Parroquial 6 de Julio-Cuellaje.
A multitemporal analysis of land use and vegetation cover of the years 1987, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2009 and 2017 of the territory of the 6 de Julio-Cuellaje parish was carried out, located in Cotacachi canton - Province of Imbabura. surface area of 17 369,14 ha, in an altitudinal range of 1800-3400 masl. Images from the Landsat satellite, TM (Temathic Mapper), ETM + (Enhanced Temathic Mapper Plus) and OLI (Operational Land Imager) were used to perform the supervised classification of the images with the categories of native forest, pastures, crops and páramo; In addition, surveys were applied to the inhabitants of the parish to obtain information on changes in land use and vegetation cover. It was found that the rate of deforestation in the parish was -0,468; this value indicates that there were large losses of native forest in the 30-year analysis period, which was 5 935,35 ha, which is equivalent to 197,84 ha / year. In the validation of the supervised classification of images, a kappa index value of 0,603 was obtained, which corresponds to a considerable validation. Finally, a strategy of environmental restoration of the forest cover in the 6 de Julio-Cuellaje parish is proposed to guarantee the flow of goods and ecosystem services of the territory, and three main projects are: reforestation and reforestation for water protection purposes; environmental education aimed at children, youth and adults of the parish and training in issues of conservation of forest resources; and the execution of local businesses through the creation of agricultural microenterprises and community tourism, the aforementioned projects will allow the fulfillment of the objectives of protection, conservation and mitigation of the areas affected by deforestation and fragmentation processes in the parish territory. which will have the participation of the government entities such as MAE, MAG, Prefecture of Imbabura, Ministry of Education, GAD Cantonal Santa Ana de Cotacachi, GAD Parroquial 6 de Julio-Cuellaje.
Description
Keywords
Fragmentación, Deforestación, Cobertura vegetal, Suelo