Evaluación del efecto de tres fertilizantes orgánicos líquidos mediante sistema de riego por goteo para la producción del cultivo de frutilla orgánica (Fragaria ananassa var. albión) en el sector del barrio 10 de agosto de la ciudad de Ibarra en la provincia de Imbabura
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Los productores frutícolas de la provincia de Imbabura presentan el problema del aumento en el uso de la fertilización química en los últimos años, debido a este problema tiene como consecuencias el desconocimiento de los agricultores al realizar una fertilización sin ninguna guía técnica, la contaminación del suelo y de las fuentes de agua, contaminación ambiental, aumento de los costos de producción en sus cultivos y entre otros. Por este motivo la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal comparar el efecto de tres fertilizantes orgánicos líquidos en la producción del cultivo de frutilla orgánica (Fragaria ananassa var. albión) en el barrio 10 de agosto de la ciudad de Ibarra. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA) con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones dando un total de doce unidades experimentales. Los tratamientos fueron: T1: Fertilizante orgánico líquido tipo 1 (semicompleto), T2: Fertilizante orgánico líquido tipo 2 (completo), T3: Fertilizante orgánico líquido tipo 3 (simple) y T4: Testigo (fertilizante químico). Las variables en estudio fueron: altura de planta a los 30, 60 y 90 días (cm), porcentaje de mortalidad de las plantas (% de plantas muertas), días a la floración (días), número de frutos por planta (No de frutos/planta), rendimiento total de fruto extraído por unidad experimental (kg), Grados Brix del fruto (ºBrix) y pH del fruto. Los resultados mostraron que el mejor tratamiento por cada variable fue: altura de planta a los 30, 60 y 90 días fue el T2 que alcanzó un promedio a los 90 días de (21,53 cm), porcentaje de mortalidad de las plantas de (0,74 %), días a la floración fue el T2 el más precoz con (55 días), el número de frutos por planta fue el T2 que alcanzó un promedio a los 120 días con (6,70 frutos/planta), rendimiento total de fruto extraído por unidad experimental fue el T2 que alcanzó un promedio a los 120 días con (6,10 kg), Grados Brix del fruto fue el T2 con (12,23ºBrix) y el pH del fruto fue el T2 con (3,40). Por lo tanto, el T2 donde se aplicó el fertilizante orgánico líquido tipo 2 (completo) tuvo mayor desarrollo y rendimiento en el área de estudio.
The fruit producers of the province of Imbabura present the problem of the increase in the use of chemical fertilization in recent years, due to this problem the consequences are the lack of knowledge of the farmers when carrying out a fertilization without any technical guide, the contamination of the soil and water sources, environmental pollution, increased production costs in their crops and among others. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to compare the effect of three liquid organic fertilizers on the production of organic strawberry crops (Fragaria ananassa var. albión) in the 10 de august neighborhood of the city of Ibarra. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) with four treatments and three replications was applied, giving a total of twelve experimental units. The treatments were: T1: Liquid organic fertilizer type 1 (semi complete), T2: Liquid organic fertilizer type 2 (complete), T3: Liquid organic fertilizer type 3 (simple) and T4: Control (chemical fertilizer). The variables under study were: plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days (cm), percentage of plant mortality (% of dead plants), days to flowering (days), number of fruits per plant (No. fruits/plant), total fruit yield extracted per experimental unit (kg), Brix degrees of the fruit (ºBrix) and pH of the fruit. The results showed that the best treatment for each variable was: plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days was the T2 that reached an average at 90 days of (21.53 cm), percentage of mortality of the plants of ( 0.74%), days to flowering was the earliest T2 with (55 days), the number of fruits per plant was T2 that reached an average at 120 days with (6.70 fruits/plants), yield total fruit extracted per experimental unit was T2, which reached an average at 120 days with (6.10 kg), Brix degrees of the fruit was T2 with (12.23ºBrix) and the pH of the fruit was T2 with (3 ,40). Therefore, the T2 where the liquid organic fertilizer type 2 (complete) was applied had higher development and yield in the study area.
The fruit producers of the province of Imbabura present the problem of the increase in the use of chemical fertilization in recent years, due to this problem the consequences are the lack of knowledge of the farmers when carrying out a fertilization without any technical guide, the contamination of the soil and water sources, environmental pollution, increased production costs in their crops and among others. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to compare the effect of three liquid organic fertilizers on the production of organic strawberry crops (Fragaria ananassa var. albión) in the 10 de august neighborhood of the city of Ibarra. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) with four treatments and three replications was applied, giving a total of twelve experimental units. The treatments were: T1: Liquid organic fertilizer type 1 (semi complete), T2: Liquid organic fertilizer type 2 (complete), T3: Liquid organic fertilizer type 3 (simple) and T4: Control (chemical fertilizer). The variables under study were: plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days (cm), percentage of plant mortality (% of dead plants), days to flowering (days), number of fruits per plant (No. fruits/plant), total fruit yield extracted per experimental unit (kg), Brix degrees of the fruit (ºBrix) and pH of the fruit. The results showed that the best treatment for each variable was: plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days was the T2 that reached an average at 90 days of (21.53 cm), percentage of mortality of the plants of ( 0.74%), days to flowering was the earliest T2 with (55 days), the number of fruits per plant was T2 that reached an average at 120 days with (6.70 fruits/plants), yield total fruit extracted per experimental unit was T2, which reached an average at 120 days with (6.10 kg), Brix degrees of the fruit was T2 with (12.23ºBrix) and the pH of the fruit was T2 with (3 ,40). Therefore, the T2 where the liquid organic fertilizer type 2 (complete) was applied had higher development and yield in the study area.
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Keywords
Desarrollo agronómico, Frutilla, Fertilizante, Fertirriego, Riego