Aplicación de un modelo de dispersión de gases contaminantes en el proceso de fabricación de ladrillos artesanales en la ciudad de Ibarra y su relación con la salud humana
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
En el barrio el Tejar y las parroquias La Esperanza y Caranqui se encuentra como actividad artesanal la fabricación de ladrillos artesanales que se ha desarrollado a lo largo de mucho tiempo y se ha transmitido de generación en generación. En la actualidad para determinar la concentración y dispersión de contaminantes se utilizan modelos gaussianos de dispersión, de aquí parten los dos primeros objetivos de la investigación que es analizar la cantidad de emisiones que generan las ladrilleras artesanales y después realizar un modelo de dispersión con softwares que son especializados para modelar la dispersión de contaminantes en chimeneas. Según algunas investigaciones realizadas por la OMS se confirma que existe una estrecha relación entre los datos de morbilidad de los humanos con la contaminación del ambiente, seguido por varios estudios alrededor de Latinoamérica que nos indican que las afecciones respiratorias están ligadas a la contaminación atmosférica. A partir de esto nace el tercer objetivo de la investigación que consiste en correlacionar estadísticamente las dos variables, cantidad de emisiones y morbilidad respiratoria a partir de datos obtenidos de los subcentros de salud aledaños a la zona de investigación. Después de realizada la investigación se tuvo como resultado que las ladrilleras artesanales emiten mayor cantidad de CO2 , aproximadamente un promedio de 425 mg∙l-1 seguido por CO con un promedio de 330 mg∙l-1 y finalmente NOX con un promedio de 3 mg∙l-1, también se obtuvo como resultado que estos contaminantes se distribuyen con mayor frecuencia hacia el sureste de la zona con la mayor distribución longitudinal del CO con 150 metros seguido por el CO2 con 131 metros y NOx con 100 metros y finalmente en la relación con la salud se obtuvo que de las tres patologías seleccionadas Amigdalitis, Faringitis y Rinitis con los contaminantes existe una correlación positiva moderada entre Amigdalitis y CO2 y una correlación negativa muy fuerte entre Rinitis y NOx.
Among the artisanal activities that are carried out in the neighborhood El Tejar and the parishes La Esperanza and Caranqui is the manufacture of artisanal bricks that have been produced for a long time and have been transmitted from generation to generation. To determine the concentration and dispersion of pollutants, Gaussian dispersion models are used, hence the first two objectives of the research are to analyze the amount of emissions processed by artisanal bricks and after making a dispersion model with softwars that are accessories to model the dispersion of pollutants in chimney. According to some research carried out by the WHO, it is confirmed that there is a close relationship between human morbidity data and environmental pollution, followed by several studies around Latin America that indicate respiratory conditions are linked to air pollution. From this moment, the third objective of the research is to statistically correlate the two variables, the amount of emissions and respiratory morbidity from the data obtained from the health sub-centers adjacent to the research area. After carrying out the investigation, the result was that artisanal bricks emit a greater amount of CO2, approximately an average of 425 mg∙l-1 followed by CO with average of 330 mg∙l-1 and finally NOx with an average of 3 mg∙l-1, it was also obtained as a result that These pollutants are distributed more frequently to the southeast of the area with the largest longitudinal distribution of CO with 150 meters followed by CO2 with 131 meters and NOx with 100 meters and finally in the relationship with health it was obtained that of the three pathologies Tonsillitis, pharyngitis and rhinitis with contaminants there is a moderate positive correlation between tonsillitis and CO2 and a very strong negative correlation between rhinitis and NOx.
Among the artisanal activities that are carried out in the neighborhood El Tejar and the parishes La Esperanza and Caranqui is the manufacture of artisanal bricks that have been produced for a long time and have been transmitted from generation to generation. To determine the concentration and dispersion of pollutants, Gaussian dispersion models are used, hence the first two objectives of the research are to analyze the amount of emissions processed by artisanal bricks and after making a dispersion model with softwars that are accessories to model the dispersion of pollutants in chimney. According to some research carried out by the WHO, it is confirmed that there is a close relationship between human morbidity data and environmental pollution, followed by several studies around Latin America that indicate respiratory conditions are linked to air pollution. From this moment, the third objective of the research is to statistically correlate the two variables, the amount of emissions and respiratory morbidity from the data obtained from the health sub-centers adjacent to the research area. After carrying out the investigation, the result was that artisanal bricks emit a greater amount of CO2, approximately an average of 425 mg∙l-1 followed by CO with average of 330 mg∙l-1 and finally NOx with an average of 3 mg∙l-1, it was also obtained as a result that These pollutants are distributed more frequently to the southeast of the area with the largest longitudinal distribution of CO with 150 meters followed by CO2 with 131 meters and NOx with 100 meters and finally in the relationship with health it was obtained that of the three pathologies Tonsillitis, pharyngitis and rhinitis with contaminants there is a moderate positive correlation between tonsillitis and CO2 and a very strong negative correlation between rhinitis and NOx.
Description
Keywords
Dispersión, Gases, Ladrillos