Evaluación de propóleo frente al hongo (colletotrichum spp.) en tomate de árbol (solanum betaceum cav.) en fase IN-VITRO
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
En la presente investigación se planteó comparar la actividad antifúngica del extracto etanólico de propóleo (EEP) frente al hongo Colletotrichum spp determinando su efectividad como un biocontrol natural. Se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de EEP en dif erentes disoluciones de EEP en el control in-vitro de antracnosis ocasionada por el hongo Colletotrichum spp, mismo que fue aislado a partir de frutos de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) y caracterizado mediante pruebas en laboratorio. Los extractos se obtuvieron a partir del propóleo proveniente de la Granja Experimental ECCA de la PUCE Sede Ibarra, utilizando como solvente etanol al 96 %. La actividad antifúngica se demostró utilizando los tratamientos: T= Alcohol Etílico 96 % (Testigo), T1= 10 g del propóleo y se diluyen en 100 ml de etanol al 96% (Dosis baja), T2= 20 g del propóleo y se diluyen en 100 ml de etanol al 96 % (Dosis media), T3= 30 g del propóleo y se diluyen en 100 ml de etanol al 96 % (Dosis alta), TQ= 0,30 l/ha azoxystrobin y difenoconazole (Control positivo). Los resultados fueron positivos, en los antibiogramas se puede decir que el tratamiento con la dilución que se desempeñó mejor para inhibir el crecimiento del hongo Colletotrichum spp, fue el tratamiento T3 con valores de 15,24 mm de diámetro que corresponde un porcentaje de 27, 24 % en promedio de inhibición. Del mismo modo, para el porcentaje de incidencia en cámaras húmedas tratadas con las diferentes soluciones de EEP el tratamiento T3 tuvo un porcentaje promedio bajó del 23,33%, aunque estadísticamente son similares al tratamiento T2. También, para el caso de severidad el T3 tiene el índice más bajo de 1,28 mientras tanto el T2 se comporta similar de 1,74. Numerosas investigaciones demuestran que el propóleo es un compuesto bioactivo que puede ser aprovechado por grandes y pequeños agricultores incluso después de su pos-cosecha sin afectar o exponer la salud humana y brindar una seguridad alimentaria. Los apicultores, son los principales comercializadores de ofrecer el material principal por ende tienen otro ingreso económico a parte de la producción de miel incluso de otros beneficios que genera la abeja. El apicultor tiene nuevas oportunidades económicas de crear productos bioactivos para el control de patógenos de manera segura.
In the present investigation, the antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against the fungus Colletotrichum spp was compared to determine its effectiveness as a natural biocontrol. The effect of the application of EEP in different EEP solutions on the in -vitro control of anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp, which was isolated from tree tomato fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) and characterized by laboratory tests, was evaluated. The extracts were obtained from propolis from the ECCA Experimental Farm of PUCE Ibarra, using 96% ethanol as solvent. The antifungal activity was demonstrated using the treatments: T= 96% ethyl alcohol (Control), T1= 10 g of propolis and diluted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol (Low dose), T2= 20 g of propolis and diluted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol (Medium dose), T3= 30 g of propolis and diluted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol (High dose), TQ= 0, 30 l/ha azoxystrobin and difenoconazole (Positive control). The results were positive, in the antibiograms it can be said that the treatment with the dilution that performed better in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Colletotrichum spp, was the T3 treatment with values of 15, 24 mm in diameter which corresponds to a percentage of 27, 24 % on average of inhibition. Similarly, for the percentage of incidence in humid chambers treated with the different EEP solutions, treatment T3 had an average percentage of 23, 33%, although statistically similar to treatment T2. Also, for the case of severity, T3 has the lowest index of 1, 28 while T2 has a similar behavior of 1,74. Numerous researches show that propolis is a bioactive compound that can be used by large and small farmers even after post-harvest without affecting or exposing human health and providing food safety. Beekeepers are the main marketers offering the main material and therefore have another economic income apart from the production of honey and other benefits generated by the bee. The beekeeper has new economic opportunities to create bioactive products for the control of a pathogen in a safe way.
In the present investigation, the antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against the fungus Colletotrichum spp was compared to determine its effectiveness as a natural biocontrol. The effect of the application of EEP in different EEP solutions on the in -vitro control of anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp, which was isolated from tree tomato fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) and characterized by laboratory tests, was evaluated. The extracts were obtained from propolis from the ECCA Experimental Farm of PUCE Ibarra, using 96% ethanol as solvent. The antifungal activity was demonstrated using the treatments: T= 96% ethyl alcohol (Control), T1= 10 g of propolis and diluted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol (Low dose), T2= 20 g of propolis and diluted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol (Medium dose), T3= 30 g of propolis and diluted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol (High dose), TQ= 0, 30 l/ha azoxystrobin and difenoconazole (Positive control). The results were positive, in the antibiograms it can be said that the treatment with the dilution that performed better in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Colletotrichum spp, was the T3 treatment with values of 15, 24 mm in diameter which corresponds to a percentage of 27, 24 % on average of inhibition. Similarly, for the percentage of incidence in humid chambers treated with the different EEP solutions, treatment T3 had an average percentage of 23, 33%, although statistically similar to treatment T2. Also, for the case of severity, T3 has the lowest index of 1, 28 while T2 has a similar behavior of 1,74. Numerous researches show that propolis is a bioactive compound that can be used by large and small farmers even after post-harvest without affecting or exposing human health and providing food safety. Beekeepers are the main marketers offering the main material and therefore have another economic income apart from the production of honey and other benefits generated by the bee. The beekeeper has new economic opportunities to create bioactive products for the control of a pathogen in a safe way.
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Keywords
Solanum betaceum, Colletotrichum spp, Propóleo, Antibiogramas, Incidencia, Severidad