Análisis de metales pesados de los aceites recuperados de motor (aceites quemados) para la determinación de su calidad
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
En este trabajo se muestra una de las formas en que puede abordarse el problema de la contaminación que provocan los aceites quemados de motor, para los que después del proceso de tratamiento y recuperación, proponemos como principal objetivo de este estudio el analizar los parámetros físicos y químicos de sus propiedades recuperadas y confirmar si estas permiten su reutilización en la generación de nuevos aceites de motor o en su uso como combustible en grupos electrógenos, generación de energía en ladrilleras, fábricas de cemento e inclusive en transporte automotor, evitando así la contaminación del medio ambiente por su mal manejo y uso insostenible e incontrolado. El estudio se realizó con las fracciones de los aceites previamente sometidos a un tratamiento de destilación en estudios anteriores, recolectados del Cantón Otavalo. La investigación consistió en determinar la viscosidad de cinco muestras a diferentes temperaturas, las mismas que fueron comparadas con la norma ASTM y con los grados SAE, seguidamente la determinación de su poder calorífico de cuatro de las cinco muestras que fueron comparadas con la norma ASTM y finalmente la determinación de metales pesados que están presentes en estas fracciones. Para ello se tomó 1 ml de cada estándar de metal pesado llevándolo a 10ml en mezclas convenientes de isobutilmetilcetona, obteniendo la curva de concentración del metal y posteriormente se comparó con los contenidos de metales de la norma ASTM para verificar su calidad y posible uso como aceite o combustible. Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran los siguientes valores: Viscosidad 40°C 13,34 cS, Poder calorífico 465,63 kJ/g, metales pesados (Pb 19,9 ppm; Cu 0,03 ppm; Cd 0,39 ppm; Cr 0,73 ppm; Al 16,9 ppm; Fe 1,9 ppm; Zn 0,12 ppm). Los resultados de calidad obtenidos, demuestran que los recuperados de lubricantes de motor usados están dentro de las normas permisibles, obteniendo rangos medios de acuerdo a su calidad, promoviendo así la reutilización de los lubricantes de motor.
This work shows one of the ways in which the problem of pollution caused by burned motor oils can be addressed, for which after the treatment and recovery process, we propose as the main objective of this study to analyze the physical parameters and chemical properties of their recovered properties and confirm if these allow their reuse in the generation of new motor oils or in their use as fuel in generator sets, power generation in brick kilns, cement factories and even in automotive transport, thus avoiding pollution of the environment due to its mishandling and unsustainable and uncontrolled use. The study was carried out with the fractions of the oils previously subjected to a distillation treatment in previous studies, collected from the Otavalo Canton. The investigation consisted of determining the viscosity of five samples at different temperatures, the same that were compared with the ASTM standard and with SAE grades, followed by the determination of their calorific value of four of the five samples that were compared with the ASTM standard and finally the determination of heavy metals that are present in these fractions. For this, 1 ml of each heavy metal standard was taken, taking it to 10 ml in suitable mixtures of isobutylmethylketone, obtaining the metal concentration curve and later it was compared with the metal contents of the ASTM standard to verify its quality and possible use as an oil. or fuel. The main results obtained show the following values: Viscosity 40 ° C 13,34 cS, Calorific value 465,63 kJ / g, heavy metals (Pb 19,9 ppm; Cu 0,03 ppm; Cd 0,39 ppm; Cr 0,73 ppm; Al 16,9 ppm; Fe 1,9 ppm; Zn 0,12 ppm). The quality results obtained show that the recovered used motor lubricants are within the permissible standards, obtaining average ranges according to their quality, thus promoting the reuse of motor lubricants.
This work shows one of the ways in which the problem of pollution caused by burned motor oils can be addressed, for which after the treatment and recovery process, we propose as the main objective of this study to analyze the physical parameters and chemical properties of their recovered properties and confirm if these allow their reuse in the generation of new motor oils or in their use as fuel in generator sets, power generation in brick kilns, cement factories and even in automotive transport, thus avoiding pollution of the environment due to its mishandling and unsustainable and uncontrolled use. The study was carried out with the fractions of the oils previously subjected to a distillation treatment in previous studies, collected from the Otavalo Canton. The investigation consisted of determining the viscosity of five samples at different temperatures, the same that were compared with the ASTM standard and with SAE grades, followed by the determination of their calorific value of four of the five samples that were compared with the ASTM standard and finally the determination of heavy metals that are present in these fractions. For this, 1 ml of each heavy metal standard was taken, taking it to 10 ml in suitable mixtures of isobutylmethylketone, obtaining the metal concentration curve and later it was compared with the metal contents of the ASTM standard to verify its quality and possible use as an oil. or fuel. The main results obtained show the following values: Viscosity 40 ° C 13,34 cS, Calorific value 465,63 kJ / g, heavy metals (Pb 19,9 ppm; Cu 0,03 ppm; Cd 0,39 ppm; Cr 0,73 ppm; Al 16,9 ppm; Fe 1,9 ppm; Zn 0,12 ppm). The quality results obtained show that the recovered used motor lubricants are within the permissible standards, obtaining average ranges according to their quality, thus promoting the reuse of motor lubricants.
Description
Keywords
Lubricante de motor, Absorción atómica, Estándares de metales, Reutilización