Análisis del artículo 401 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador del año 2008
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La investigación desarrollada trata sobre el análisis de la norma contenida en el artículo 401 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, la identificación de las categorías jurídicas en ella presentes y el estudio de las facultades excepcionales conferidas a la Presidencia de la República conjuntamente con la Asamblea Nacional, para permitir el ingreso de semillas transgénicas al Ecuador en caso de interés nacional debidamente fundamentado y de acuerdo al marco normativo de bioseguridad que se dicte para minimizar sus riesgos.
Se estima que tales competencias excepcionales pueden afectar negativamente la eficacia de la declaratoria del Ecuador libre de transgénicos contenida en la referida norma, al pasar de una medida extrema de bioseguridad a una medida menos restrictiva y más permisiva. En el trabajo se estudian las razones que desde la perspectiva de la ciencia jurídica fundamentan la inclusión de la excepción en la norma, lo que llevó a analizar el caso práctico que hoy sirve de antecedente en la materia y que condujo a la reforma del artículo 56 de la Ley Orgánica de Agrobiodiversidad, Semillas y Fomento de la Agricultura Sustentable, caso que ha desatado toda una polémica en el seno de la sociedad ecuatoriana, que llevada al campo de lo jurídico, se identifica con las demandas de inconstitucionalidad que se han presentado ante la Corte Constitucional.
En este informe se estudia la particular naturaleza de los OGM, sus riesgos y posibles beneficios para la sociedad; su regulación en el texto de la Constitución; la materialización de la excepción hecha en el artículo 56 de la Ley Orgánica de Agrobiodiversidad; la exigencia del legislador de dictar un adecuado marco de bioseguridad para el desarrollo de estas actividades en el Ecuador y el mandato de elaboración de las normas reglamentarias correspondientes para clarificar la situación.
The research developed deals with the analysis of the norm contained in article 401 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, the identification of the logical categories and the study of the exceptional faculties conferred on the Presidency of the Republic. National Assembly, to allow the entry of transgenic seeds in Ecuador in the case of national interest, basis and agreement in the regulatory framework of biosecurity that is given to minimize risks. It is estimated that such exceptional competences may adversely affect the effectiveness of the declaration of the GMO-free Ecuador contained in the aforementioned norm, by moving from an extreme biosecurity measure to a less restrictive and more permissive measure. In the paper the reasons that from the perspective of legal science base the inclusion of the exception in the norm are studied, which led to analyze the practical case that today serves as antecedent in the matter and that led to the reform of article 56 of the Organic Law of Agrobiodiversity, Seeds and Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture, a case that has unleashed a controversy within Ecuadorian society, which, taken to the legal field, is identified with the unconstitutionality demands that have been presented before the the Constitutional Court. This report studies the particular nature of GMOs, their risks and possible benefits to society\; its regulation in the text of the Constitution\; the materialization of the exception made in article 56 of the Organic Law of Agrobiodiversity\; the requirement of the legislator to dictate an adequate biosecurity framework for the development of these activities in Ecuador and the mandate to elaborate the corresponding regulatory standards to clarify the situation.
The research developed deals with the analysis of the norm contained in article 401 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, the identification of the logical categories and the study of the exceptional faculties conferred on the Presidency of the Republic. National Assembly, to allow the entry of transgenic seeds in Ecuador in the case of national interest, basis and agreement in the regulatory framework of biosecurity that is given to minimize risks. It is estimated that such exceptional competences may adversely affect the effectiveness of the declaration of the GMO-free Ecuador contained in the aforementioned norm, by moving from an extreme biosecurity measure to a less restrictive and more permissive measure. In the paper the reasons that from the perspective of legal science base the inclusion of the exception in the norm are studied, which led to analyze the practical case that today serves as antecedent in the matter and that led to the reform of article 56 of the Organic Law of Agrobiodiversity, Seeds and Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture, a case that has unleashed a controversy within Ecuadorian society, which, taken to the legal field, is identified with the unconstitutionality demands that have been presented before the the Constitutional Court. This report studies the particular nature of GMOs, their risks and possible benefits to society\; its regulation in the text of the Constitution\; the materialization of the exception made in article 56 of the Organic Law of Agrobiodiversity\; the requirement of the legislator to dictate an adequate biosecurity framework for the development of these activities in Ecuador and the mandate to elaborate the corresponding regulatory standards to clarify the situation.
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Keywords
Biotecnología, Ogm, Bioseguridad, Derecho constitucional