Estudio del proceso de compostaje de estiércol con restos vegetales provenientes de la comunidad de Pisambilla
Loading...
Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
En la actualidad debido al aumento acelerado de la población, se ha generado igualmente un incremento en el consumo alimenticio. Los residuos vegetales y pecuarios que no son tratados han llegado a constituirse como una fuente importante de contaminación para los demás recursos como el agua y el suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el proceso de compostaje mediante las mezclas de estiércol de ganado bovino y estiércol ovino, junto a residuos vegetales (restos de maíz) y de poda (restos de retama), que fueron evaluados como técnicas para producir compost de calidad para su uso en la agricultura. Dentro de este estudio se realizó un análisis comparativo de los factores: temperatura, humedad, carbono total, nitrógeno total, relación C/N y una prueba de porcentaje de germinación con el fin de determinar la fitotoxicidad del compost. El compost se realizó mediante un sistema de cajas de espuma flex, cerradas con 3 perforaciones en la parte lateral alta, media y baja de la caja, en la que se realizó un volteo manual con el fin de airear los tratamientos; durante el proceso se realizó un control diario de temperatura y dos controles semanales de humedad. Una vez realizado el análisis comparativo de los 4 tratamientos T1 (Residuo de maíz + estiércol de bovino), T2 (Residuo de maíz + estiércol de ovino), T3 (Residuo de retama + estiércol de bovino) y T4 (Residuo de retama + estiércol de ovino), se determinó que la temperatura alcanzada fue la adecuada dentro de cada fase, así también la humedad se encontró entre los 40 a 60 % y el C/N obtenido fue entre 11,14/1 a 13,01/1 que son los rangos óptimos, garantizando un compost maduro. Es así qué, los tratamientos T1, T2 y T4 presentaron mejores resultados frente al T3; de acuerdo a los parámetros evaluados, y teniendo un índice de germinación de semillas mayor al 90 %. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio confirman que el compostaje es una solución para tratar los restos utilizados, ya que una vez que el material ha sido higienizado y estabilizado puede ser dispuesto sin peligro para el uso agrícola.
Currently, due to the accelerated population growth, there has also been an increase in food consumption. Untreated vegetable and livestock wastes have become an important source of contamination for other resources such as water and soil. The objective of this study was to compare the composting process using mixtures of cattle manure and sheep manure, together with vegetable residues (corn residues) and pruning residues (broom residues), which were evaluated as techniques to produce quality compost for use in agriculture. Within this study, a comparative analysis of the following factors was carried out: temperature, humidity, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and a germination percentage test in order to determine the phytotoxicity of the compost. The compost was made using a system of flex foam boxes, closed with 3 perforations in the upper, middle and lower side of the box, in which a manual turning was performed in order to aerate the treatments; during the process a daily temperature control and two weekly humidity controls were carried out. Once the comparative analysis of the 4 treatments T1 (corn residue + cattle manure), T2 (corn residue + sheep manure), T3 (broom residue + cattle manure) and T4 (broom residue + sheep manure) was carried out, it was determined that the temperature reached was adequate in each phase, it was determined that the temperature reached was adequate in each phase, as well as the humidity was between 40 to 60% and the C/N obtained was between 11.14/1 to 13.01/1, which are the optimum ranges, guaranteeing a mature compost. Thus, treatments T1, T2 and T4 showed better results compared to T3, according to the parameters evaluated, and had a seed germination rate greater than 90%. The results obtained in this study confirm that composting is a solution to treat the remains used, since once the material has been sanitized and stabilized it can be disposed of without danger for agricultural use.
Currently, due to the accelerated population growth, there has also been an increase in food consumption. Untreated vegetable and livestock wastes have become an important source of contamination for other resources such as water and soil. The objective of this study was to compare the composting process using mixtures of cattle manure and sheep manure, together with vegetable residues (corn residues) and pruning residues (broom residues), which were evaluated as techniques to produce quality compost for use in agriculture. Within this study, a comparative analysis of the following factors was carried out: temperature, humidity, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and a germination percentage test in order to determine the phytotoxicity of the compost. The compost was made using a system of flex foam boxes, closed with 3 perforations in the upper, middle and lower side of the box, in which a manual turning was performed in order to aerate the treatments; during the process a daily temperature control and two weekly humidity controls were carried out. Once the comparative analysis of the 4 treatments T1 (corn residue + cattle manure), T2 (corn residue + sheep manure), T3 (broom residue + cattle manure) and T4 (broom residue + sheep manure) was carried out, it was determined that the temperature reached was adequate in each phase, it was determined that the temperature reached was adequate in each phase, as well as the humidity was between 40 to 60% and the C/N obtained was between 11.14/1 to 13.01/1, which are the optimum ranges, guaranteeing a mature compost. Thus, treatments T1, T2 and T4 showed better results compared to T3, according to the parameters evaluated, and had a seed germination rate greater than 90%. The results obtained in this study confirm that composting is a solution to treat the remains used, since once the material has been sanitized and stabilized it can be disposed of without danger for agricultural use.
Description
Keywords
Compost, Residuos, Fases del compostaje, C/n, Calidad de compost