Evaluación de dos dietas alimenticias adicionando proteína y energía en el peso de lechones postdestete, Mira-Carchi
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Date
2022
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Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La situación general del bajo peso en lechones de destete está presente en todas las granjas porcinas, por tanto, en el Ecuador no es la excepción, ya que es una constante en las producciones modernas. La primordial causa del problema es el desconocimiento de los fundamentos y conocimientos necesarios para el suministro de una dieta que cumpla con los requerimientos del animal en esta etapa. Una opción ante este problema, es el uso de suplementos alimenticios que ayudan a los lechones para que no pierda peso y a su vez a la producción. Es así que los suplementos energéticos y proteicos son una alternativa con un gran potencial dentro de la producción porcina para la mejora de peso y conversión alimenticia. El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar dos dietas con la adición de un suplemento energético y proteico para la mejora del peso en lechones destetados en el catón Mira, provincia del Carchi. El estudio consistió en la utilización de un modelo estadístico (DCA) que consta de tres tratamientos que fueron: T1 alimento más la adición de un suplemento energético(cachaza de caña), T2 alimento más la adición de un suplemento proteico (lombriz cruda) y el T3 solo el alimento balanceado sin ningún suplemento alimenticio; posteriormente se procedió a la adición al alimento de los suplementos mediante un mezclado, y se dio una dosis de alimento de acuerdo al número de animales presentes en cada tratamiento. Los beneficios de la experiencia de dicha investigación se demostraron a través de los registros de rendimiento del peso, así como los resultados de la conversión alimenticia que consiste en cuantos kilogramos de alimento consumió para la ganancia de un kilogramo de peso. Los resultados manifiestan que la estrategia en el uso de los suplementos alimenticios (energéticos y proteicos), es una alternativa eficaz para el aumento de peso con promedios de T2 23,68 kg, T1 26,26 kg y T3 22.74kg y en cuanto a conversión alimenticia T2 1,804, T1 2,275, T3 2,433 en la crianza de lechones.
The general situation of low weight in weaning piglets is present in all pig farms; therefore, in Ecuador it is not the exception, since it is a constant in modern productions. The main cause of the problem is the lack of knowledge of the fundamentals and knowledge necessary to supply a diet that meets the requirements of the animal at this stage. One option in the face of this problem is the use of food supplements that help the piglets not to lose weight and, in turn, help production. Thus, energy and protein supplements are an alternative with great potential in pig production to improve weight and feed conversion. The main objective of this research was to evaluate two diets with the addition of an energy and protein supplement for weight improvement in weaned piglets in Cantón Mira, Carchi province. The study consisted in the use of a statistical model (DCA) that consists of three treatments that were: T1 food plus the addition of an energy supplement (cane filter cake), T2 food plus the addition of a protein supplement (raw earthworm) and T3 only the balanced food without any nutritional supplement; Subsequently, the supplements were added to the food by mixing, and a dose of food was given according to the number of animals present in each treatment. The benefits of the experience of said research were demonstrated through the records of weight performance, as well as the results of the feed conversion that consists of how many kilograms of food consumed for the gain of one kilogram of weight. The results show that the strategy in the use of food supplements (energy and protein), is an effective alternative for weight gain with averages of T2 23.68 kg, T1 26.26 kg and T3 22.74 kg and in terms of feed conversion T2 1.804, T1 2.275, T3 2.433 in piglet rearing.
The general situation of low weight in weaning piglets is present in all pig farms; therefore, in Ecuador it is not the exception, since it is a constant in modern productions. The main cause of the problem is the lack of knowledge of the fundamentals and knowledge necessary to supply a diet that meets the requirements of the animal at this stage. One option in the face of this problem is the use of food supplements that help the piglets not to lose weight and, in turn, help production. Thus, energy and protein supplements are an alternative with great potential in pig production to improve weight and feed conversion. The main objective of this research was to evaluate two diets with the addition of an energy and protein supplement for weight improvement in weaned piglets in Cantón Mira, Carchi province. The study consisted in the use of a statistical model (DCA) that consists of three treatments that were: T1 food plus the addition of an energy supplement (cane filter cake), T2 food plus the addition of a protein supplement (raw earthworm) and T3 only the balanced food without any nutritional supplement; Subsequently, the supplements were added to the food by mixing, and a dose of food was given according to the number of animals present in each treatment. The benefits of the experience of said research were demonstrated through the records of weight performance, as well as the results of the feed conversion that consists of how many kilograms of food consumed for the gain of one kilogram of weight. The results show that the strategy in the use of food supplements (energy and protein), is an effective alternative for weight gain with averages of T2 23.68 kg, T1 26.26 kg and T3 22.74 kg and in terms of feed conversion T2 1.804, T1 2.275, T3 2.433 in piglet rearing.
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Keywords
Lechones, Destete, Suplementos alimenticios, Energéticos, Proteicos