Factores humanos y su relación con la seguridad del paciente en instituciones de salud de Latinoamérica
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Date
2025
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Publisher
PUCE - Quito
Abstract
La seguridad de los pacientes es un tema muy importante dentro del Sistema de Salud de Latinoamérica, ya que hace referencia principalmente a la calidad de la atención médica. Es fundamental estudiar su relación con los factores humanos, debido a que estos afectan directamente en el desempeño de los profesionales de la salud al momento de brindar un cuidado asistencial a los pacientes e incluso pueden desencadenar algún tipo de error o evento adverso que cause daño en la salud de los pacientes. Debido a la relevancia del tema se realizará la presente revisión de alcance (Scoping Review) con la finalidad de conocer la relación entre los factores humanos y la seguridad del paciente en instituciones de salud de Latinoamérica. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, en el cual se desarrolló una revisión de alcance (Scoping Review) siguiendo el marco metodológico propuesto originalmente por Arksey y O'Malley., junto con la normativa PRISMA-ScR. Se realizo la búsqueda de información en las bases datos Pubmed y LILACS/Bireme. Se consideraron estudios desarrollados en países latinoamericanos, publicados en los últimos 10 años, en inglés, español o portugués. La información fue codificada y vaciada en una hoja de Microsoft Excel y fue analizada posteriormente. La revisión de alcance incluyo 33 artículos en el apartado de resultados, en el cual se consideró temas importantes como: 1) Factores humanos que afectan la seguridad del paciente; 2) Problemas específicos (que tienen que ver con la seguridad del paciente) que más se han descrito y/o identificado en relación con los factores humanos; 3) Influencia de los distintos factores humanos en la aparición de eventos adversos prevenibles. En instituciones de salud de Latinoamérica se ha evidenciado que los factores humanos se presentan con mayor frecuencia, afectando directamente en la seguridad de los pacientes. El estrés, la fatiga, sobrecarga laboral, falta de comunicación y falta de experiencia son los factores principales que desencadenan la presencia de eventos adversos prevenibles. Es necesario que dentro del sistema de salud de Latinoamérica se desarrollen estrategias para fomentar la cultura de seguridad de los pacientes, para así lograr mejoras en la atención y garantizar la seguridad de los pacientes.
Patient safety is a very important issue within the Latin American healthcare system, as it primarily refers to the quality of medical care. It is essential to study its relationship with human factors, as these directly affect the performance of healthcare professionals when providing care to patients and can even trigger errors or adverse events that cause harm to their health. Due to the relevance of the topic, this scoping review will be conducted to understand the relationship between human factors and patient safety in Latin American healthcare institutions. The research had a qualitative approach, in which a scoping review was developed following the methodological framework originally proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, along with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Information was searched in the PubMed and LILACS/Bireme databases. Studies developed in Latin American countries, published in the last 10 years, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The information was coded and entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and subsequently analyzed. The scoping review included 33 articles in the results section, which considered important topics such as: 1) Human factors that affect patient safety; 2) Specific problems (related to patient safety) that have been most described and/or identified in relation to human factors; 3) Influence of different human factors on the occurrence of preventable adverse events. In Latin American healthcare institutions, it has been shown that human factors occur more frequently, directly affecting patient safety. Stress, fatigue, work overload, lack of communication, and lack of experience are the main factors that trigger the occurrence of preventable adverse events. Strategies to promote a culture of patient safety must be developed within the Latin American healthcare system, thereby achieving improvements in care and ensuring patient safety.
Patient safety is a very important issue within the Latin American healthcare system, as it primarily refers to the quality of medical care. It is essential to study its relationship with human factors, as these directly affect the performance of healthcare professionals when providing care to patients and can even trigger errors or adverse events that cause harm to their health. Due to the relevance of the topic, this scoping review will be conducted to understand the relationship between human factors and patient safety in Latin American healthcare institutions. The research had a qualitative approach, in which a scoping review was developed following the methodological framework originally proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, along with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Information was searched in the PubMed and LILACS/Bireme databases. Studies developed in Latin American countries, published in the last 10 years, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The information was coded and entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and subsequently analyzed. The scoping review included 33 articles in the results section, which considered important topics such as: 1) Human factors that affect patient safety; 2) Specific problems (related to patient safety) that have been most described and/or identified in relation to human factors; 3) Influence of different human factors on the occurrence of preventable adverse events. In Latin American healthcare institutions, it has been shown that human factors occur more frequently, directly affecting patient safety. Stress, fatigue, work overload, lack of communication, and lack of experience are the main factors that trigger the occurrence of preventable adverse events. Strategies to promote a culture of patient safety must be developed within the Latin American healthcare system, thereby achieving improvements in care and ensuring patient safety.
Description
Keywords
Seguridad del paciente - América Latina, Instituciones de Salud - América Latina, Factores humanos, Errores médicos - Prevención, Calidad de la atención de salud, Eventos adversos - Instituciones de salud, Revisión de alcance, Human factors, Patient safety, Latin America, Health institutions, Adverse events