Caracterización morfológica de garrapatas asociadas a la transmisión de anaplasma an bovinos de la parroquia Lita del cantón Ibarra provincia de Imbabura
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Date
2025
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PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Las infecciones parasitarias son una de las principales causas de enfermedades y pérdida de productividad en las explotaciones ganaderas, donde, el poder establecer procedimientos eficientes para el diagnóstico oportuno de estos parásitos contribuye a una mejor eficiencia de la actividad ganadera. La presente investigación se centró en la descripción morfológica de las garrapatas presentes en bovinos, pues son holoparásitos vectores principales de enfermedades como anaplasma, la cual presenta un ciclo de vida intracelular y evasión del sistema inmunológico en el animal. El realizado en la parroquia Lita, localidad que se encuentra en el bosque tropical húmedo, con un clima promedio de 25 °C que representa uno de los ambientes ideales para el desarrollo de garrapatas. La metodología empleada fue descriptiva y se llevó a cabo tanto en campo como también en laboratorio, en fase de campo se examinó bovinos que contengan garrapatas teleoginas, con las características adecuadas de hasta de 1 cm de tamaño adheridas al animal las cuales se encontraron en su mayoría en la región caudo ventral, patas, escroto y alrededor de la vulva, se recolectaron 2 garrapatas, 1 para el fast test de anaplasma realizado insitu. La otra se transportó al laboratorio de Microbiología de la PUCEI para la evaluación morfológica, se tomó como base 4111 bovinos reportados en la parroquia y fueron muestreados un total de 381 animales según la fórmula de poblaciones finitas, se obtuvo un 95,26% infestados con género Rhipicephalus (Boophylus) microplus, y solo un 4,74% del género Amblyomma cajennense, se aplicó una prueba test kit anaplasma Ab/E. a las garrapatas para verificar anaplasma, determinándose un 28,97% positivo, los análisis de datos recolectados se realizaron con el programa excel, así como la morfología se basó en forma, tamaño, color, escudo cefálico, patrón de estriaciones, dibujos en el escutum, aparato bucal, patas y oviscapto
Parasitic infections are one of the main causes of diseases and loss of productivity in livestock farms, where being able to establish efficient procedures for the timely diagnosis of these parasites contributes to better efficiency of livestock activity. The present research focused on the morphological description of the ticks present in cattle, since they are hemoparasites that are the main vectors of diseases such as anaplasma, which has an intracellular life cycle and evasion of the immune system in the animal. The study was carried out in the Lita parish, a town located in the humid tropical forest, with temperatures of 18 to 26 degrees, which represents one of the ideal environments for the development of ticks. The methodology used was descriptive and was carried out both in the field and in the laboratory, in the field phase cattle containing mature ticks were examined, with the appropriate characteristics of up to 1 cm in size, the animal was fixed and areas such as the ventral caudo, legs and scrotum, 2 ticks were collected, 1 for the anaplasma fast test carried out in situ, the other was transported to the Microbiology laboratory of the PUCEI for morphological evaluation. 4,111 bovines reported at the parish level were taken as a base and a total of 381 animals were sampled according to the finite population formula, 95,26% of specimens infested with the genus Rhipicephalus (Boophylus) microplus were obtained, and only 4,74% of the genus Amblyomma cajennense, after the identification of the genus, a standard test was applied to the ticks to verify anaplasma, determining 28,97% positive, the analysis of the collected data was carried out with the Excel program, as a tool that is used to organize data, perform calculations and graph results.
Parasitic infections are one of the main causes of diseases and loss of productivity in livestock farms, where being able to establish efficient procedures for the timely diagnosis of these parasites contributes to better efficiency of livestock activity. The present research focused on the morphological description of the ticks present in cattle, since they are hemoparasites that are the main vectors of diseases such as anaplasma, which has an intracellular life cycle and evasion of the immune system in the animal. The study was carried out in the Lita parish, a town located in the humid tropical forest, with temperatures of 18 to 26 degrees, which represents one of the ideal environments for the development of ticks. The methodology used was descriptive and was carried out both in the field and in the laboratory, in the field phase cattle containing mature ticks were examined, with the appropriate characteristics of up to 1 cm in size, the animal was fixed and areas such as the ventral caudo, legs and scrotum, 2 ticks were collected, 1 for the anaplasma fast test carried out in situ, the other was transported to the Microbiology laboratory of the PUCEI for morphological evaluation. 4,111 bovines reported at the parish level were taken as a base and a total of 381 animals were sampled according to the finite population formula, 95,26% of specimens infested with the genus Rhipicephalus (Boophylus) microplus were obtained, and only 4,74% of the genus Amblyomma cajennense, after the identification of the genus, a standard test was applied to the ticks to verify anaplasma, determining 28,97% positive, the analysis of the collected data was carried out with the Excel program, as a tool that is used to organize data, perform calculations and graph results.