Diseño de un equipo multifuncional de bajo costo para la rehabilitación de hombro (tendinitis del manguito rotador)
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Los hombros son las estructuras que conectan los brazos con el tronco, la articulación del hombro es compleja puesto que está formada por varias articulaciones, todas ellas trabajan conjuntamente para permitir un movimiento armónico global, si alguna de estas articulaciones falla, el movimiento del hombro se verá afectado, lo cual implica una disminución de la calidad de vida. Cuando el cuerpo humano sufre algún tipo de luxación, enfermedad degenerativa, accidente vial, laboral o deporte realizado en forma inadecuada puede culminar con una intervención quirúrgica y en la mayoría de los casos requiere de rehabilitación de hombro. Para el año 2018, Ecuador registró 11.426 personas con algún tipo de trauma en el hombro. Si bien existen dispositivos disponibles en el mercado nacional, distribuidos por casas comerciales, absolutamente todas son productos de importación con altos costos de adquisición y mantenimiento en el país. En esta investigación, se presenta un diseño conceptual de un rehabilitador de hombro dinámico (entrada motriz dada por el usuario), con restricciones asociadas al uso de geometrías sencillas, material disponible en la zona y de bajo costo, que contribuye con la progresiva rehabilitación sin supervisión médica. Para esto, se propone un proceso de diseño donde se presentan alternativas de mecanismos y formas para seleccionar las más adecuadas según los requerimientos planteados. Posteriormente, utilizando programas de diseño, ingeniería y manufactura (CAD, CAE y CAM) se realizan simulaciones para definir un rehabilitador de hombro, capaz de soportar los movimientos dados por el paciente. Los resultados obtenidos, muestran que se puede materializar un diseño basada en un mecanismo sencillo y con materiales disponibles en el mercado nacional a un precio económicamente bajo, que servirá para las últimas fases de rehabilitación de pacientes, cuando este ya cuenta con algo de fuerza en la extremidad afectada.
The shoulders are the structures that connect the arms to the trunk. The shoulder joint is complex since it is formed by several joints. All of them work together to allow a global harmonic movement. If any fails, shoulder movement will be affected. This implies a decrease in the quality of life when the human body suffers some type of dislocations, degenerative diseases, road accidents, work or sports that can culminate or not with a surgical intervention and in most cases requires a rehabilitation of shoulder. For the year 2018, Ecuador registered 11,426 people with some type of shoulder trauma. Although there are devices available in the national market, distributed by commercial houses, absolutely all of them are imported products with high acquisition and maintenance costs. In this investigation, a conceptual design of a dynamic shoulder rehabilitator (motor input given by the user) is presented, with restrictions associated with the use of simple geometries, material available in the area and low cost, which contributes to the progressive rehabilitation without medical supervision For this, a design process is proposed where alternatives of mechanisms and forms are presented to select the most appropriate ones according to the proposed requirements. Subsequently, using CAD-CAE programs, validated numerical simulations are performed to define a shoulder rehabilitator, capable of supporting the movements and forces given by the patient without permanently deforming. The results obtained show that a design based on a simple mechanism and with materials available in the national market can be materialized at an economically low price, supported by CAD - CAE and CAM programs.
The shoulders are the structures that connect the arms to the trunk. The shoulder joint is complex since it is formed by several joints. All of them work together to allow a global harmonic movement. If any fails, shoulder movement will be affected. This implies a decrease in the quality of life when the human body suffers some type of dislocations, degenerative diseases, road accidents, work or sports that can culminate or not with a surgical intervention and in most cases requires a rehabilitation of shoulder. For the year 2018, Ecuador registered 11,426 people with some type of shoulder trauma. Although there are devices available in the national market, distributed by commercial houses, absolutely all of them are imported products with high acquisition and maintenance costs. In this investigation, a conceptual design of a dynamic shoulder rehabilitator (motor input given by the user) is presented, with restrictions associated with the use of simple geometries, material available in the area and low cost, which contributes to the progressive rehabilitation without medical supervision For this, a design process is proposed where alternatives of mechanisms and forms are presented to select the most appropriate ones according to the proposed requirements. Subsequently, using CAD-CAE programs, validated numerical simulations are performed to define a shoulder rehabilitator, capable of supporting the movements and forces given by the patient without permanently deforming. The results obtained show that a design based on a simple mechanism and with materials available in the national market can be materialized at an economically low price, supported by CAD - CAE and CAM programs.
Description
Keywords
Dispositivo, Hombro, Rehabilitación dinámica, Modelado, Cad - Cae